Cardinal numbers: 1–100, 500 and 1000
Learn this complete reference set, recall meanings and construction clues, then apply the grammar in original short practice.
Section VOCABULARY-LIST · Full prescribed vocabulary list and additional forms
Exam scope and assessment notes
Original teaching foundations for the 2026–2028 syllabus. Six prescribed texts have passage-specific sequences; all 693 printed vocabulary rows have been reconciled into 692 distinct records, with additional number, comparison and compound-verb practice. Linked teaching and lexical self-checks do not certify mastery. Complete line-by-line annotation, further translation and scansion practice, qualified Latin-teacher review, full timed papers and human marking remain outstanding. Open the assigned edition alongside these lessons: public ancient texts can differ in spelling, punctuation or editorial readings from the prescribed prose anthology. Practice explanations are formative, not Cambridge questions, marks or predicted grades. Cambridge has announced withdrawal; the last assessment is June 2028, in administrative zones 3, 4, 5 and 6 only. Confirm entry with your centre.
Before you begin
- Identify noun, verb and clause roles
- Recall the whole dictionary record rather than only its first spelling
Work on paper. Try each question before revealing help, and explain why your method works.
Quick readiness check
What does a dictionary meaning fail to establish on its own?
What you will learn
- Recognise every required cardinal value
- Apply additive/subtractive construction and basic number agreement
Read the form, recall the meaning, then check the construction
Use the reference list to learn, then hide the meanings in recall practice. The usage note explains a grammatical clue or limit. Self-check labels do not award a grade or certify mastery.
102 of 102 entries shown · 0 marked for another review in this practice
unusCardinal numeral
1
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
duoCardinal numeral
2
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
tresCardinal numeral
3
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quattuorCardinal numeral
4
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quinqueCardinal numeral
5
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
sexCardinal numeral
6
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
septemCardinal numeral
7
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
octoCardinal numeral
8
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
novemCardinal numeral
9
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
decemCardinal numeral
10
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
undecimCardinal numeral
11
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
duodecimCardinal numeral
12
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
tredecimCardinal numeral
13
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quattuordecimCardinal numeral
14
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quindecimCardinal numeral
15
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
sedecimCardinal numeral
16
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
septendecimCardinal numeral
17
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
duodevigintiCardinal numeral
18
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
undevigintiCardinal numeral
19
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
vigintiCardinal numeral
20
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
viginti unusCardinal numeral
21
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
viginti duoCardinal numeral
22
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
viginti tresCardinal numeral
23
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
viginti quattuorCardinal numeral
24
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
viginti quinqueCardinal numeral
25
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
viginti sexCardinal numeral
26
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
viginti septemCardinal numeral
27
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
duodetrigintaCardinal numeral
28
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
undetrigintaCardinal numeral
29
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
trigintaCardinal numeral
30
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
triginta unusCardinal numeral
31
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
triginta duoCardinal numeral
32
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
triginta tresCardinal numeral
33
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
triginta quattuorCardinal numeral
34
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
triginta quinqueCardinal numeral
35
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
triginta sexCardinal numeral
36
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
triginta septemCardinal numeral
37
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
duodequadragintaCardinal numeral
38
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
undequadragintaCardinal numeral
39
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
quadragintaCardinal numeral
40
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quadraginta unusCardinal numeral
41
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quadraginta duoCardinal numeral
42
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quadraginta tresCardinal numeral
43
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quadraginta quattuorCardinal numeral
44
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quadraginta quinqueCardinal numeral
45
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quadraginta sexCardinal numeral
46
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quadraginta septemCardinal numeral
47
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
duodequinquagintaCardinal numeral
48
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
undequinquagintaCardinal numeral
49
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
quinquagintaCardinal numeral
50
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quinquaginta unusCardinal numeral
51
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quinquaginta duoCardinal numeral
52
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quinquaginta tresCardinal numeral
53
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quinquaginta quattuorCardinal numeral
54
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quinquaginta quinqueCardinal numeral
55
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quinquaginta sexCardinal numeral
56
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quinquaginta septemCardinal numeral
57
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
duodesexagintaCardinal numeral
58
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
undesexagintaCardinal numeral
59
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
sexagintaCardinal numeral
60
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
sexaginta unusCardinal numeral
61
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
sexaginta duoCardinal numeral
62
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
sexaginta tresCardinal numeral
63
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
sexaginta quattuorCardinal numeral
64
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
sexaginta quinqueCardinal numeral
65
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
sexaginta sexCardinal numeral
66
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
sexaginta septemCardinal numeral
67
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
duodeseptuagintaCardinal numeral
68
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
undeseptuagintaCardinal numeral
69
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
septuagintaCardinal numeral
70
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
septuaginta unusCardinal numeral
71
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
septuaginta duoCardinal numeral
72
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
septuaginta tresCardinal numeral
73
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
septuaginta quattuorCardinal numeral
74
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
septuaginta quinqueCardinal numeral
75
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
septuaginta sexCardinal numeral
76
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
septuaginta septemCardinal numeral
77
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
duodeoctogintaCardinal numeral
78
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
undeoctogintaCardinal numeral
79
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
octogintaCardinal numeral
80
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
octoginta unusCardinal numeral
81
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
octoginta duoCardinal numeral
82
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
octoginta tresCardinal numeral
83
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
octoginta quattuorCardinal numeral
84
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
octoginta quinqueCardinal numeral
85
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
octoginta sexCardinal numeral
86
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
octoginta septemCardinal numeral
87
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
duodenonagintaCardinal numeral
88
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
undenonagintaCardinal numeral
89
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
nonagintaCardinal numeral
90
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
nonaginta unusCardinal numeral
91
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
nonaginta duoCardinal numeral
92
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
nonaginta tresCardinal numeral
93
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
nonaginta quattuorCardinal numeral
94
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
nonaginta quinqueCardinal numeral
95
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
nonaginta sexCardinal numeral
96
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
nonaginta septemCardinal numeral
97
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
duodecentumCardinal numeral
98
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
undecentumCardinal numeral
99
This card uses a subtractive form: two or one below the next ten. Additive alternatives also occur; a self-check must not reject a valid alternative merely for differing from this card.
centumCardinal numeral
100
A dictionary numeral label identifies the value. Unus, duo and tres and their relevant compound parts can require agreement; read the full noun phrase.
quingenti, -ae, -aCardinal numeral
500
An agreeing plural adjective: quingenti, quingentae, quingenta vary with the counted noun.
milleCardinal numeral
1000
Mille is normally indeclinable with a counted noun. Plural milia is a different noun construction and commonly uses a partitive genitive.
Build and check the values
The reference set includes every number from 1 to 100 and the additional 500 and 1000. Eleven to seventeen have particular forms such as undecim, quindecim and septendecim. Eighteen and nineteen commonly use two or one below twenty; the same subtractive method can form endings in eight and nine before the next ten.
The cards choose one conventional form without making other attested orders or additive forms wrong. For 21, viginti unus and unus et viginti illustrate alternatives. For 38, duodequadraginta is two below forty, not two plus forty. Read the parts arithmetically before translating.
Value is not the whole noun phrase
Unus, duo and tres have inflected forms; quingenti is an agreeing plural adjective. Mille is normally indeclinable with a counted noun, while plural milia is a neuter noun commonly followed by a partitive genitive. Consult full agreement and construction rather than use a dictionary label unchanged everywhere.
Distinguish a cardinal count from an ordinal position. The supplied cards identify values; they do not prescribe one rigid word order for every sentence or substitute for reading the noun's case.
Sources for this lesson
Pause and explain
Does duodequadraginta mean forty-two?
Worked example
Calculate and interpret duodequadraginta.
Show the worked solution
- Quadraginta is forty.
- Duode signals two below the following ten.
- Subtract two from forty.
Answer Duodequadraginta is 38, because 40 − 2 = 38. It does not mean 42; a subtractive name must preserve the direction of the calculation.
Try a topic test
Choose Easy, Normal or Difficult. Save your answers and open worked review after finishing.
Test this topic →From guided practice to a new situation
Write your answer and reasoning first. Use a hint only if you are stuck. The model solution is for self-checking; your written work is not automatically marked.
Guided: Calculate undeviginti and duodeviginti.
Give me a hint
Subtract one or two from twenty.
Compare my reasoning
- Viginti is twenty.
- Unde gives twenty minus one.
- Duode gives twenty minus two.
The values are 19 and 18 respectively. The construction is subtractive and should not be reversed into twenty-one or twenty-two.
Look for these in your work
- Uses base
- Subtracts one
- Subtracts two
Independent: Read nonaginta tres and duodecentum.
Give me a hint
One adds to ninety; one subtracts from one hundred.
Compare my reasoning
- Ninety plus three gives the first.
- One hundred minus two gives the second.
- State both values.
Nonaginta tres is 93 and duodecentum is 98. The differing constructions must be calculated separately rather than treated as one identical order of units and tens.
Look for these in your work
- Uses addition
- Uses subtraction
- Gives both values
Application: A learner rejects unus et viginti because the card shows viginti unus. Explain the limitation of the card.
Give me a hint
A chosen reference spelling is not every valid expression.
Compare my reasoning
- Both express twenty-one.
- Alternative attested order is allowed.
- Agreement and context still need checking.
The card gives one conventional reference form, not a rule rejecting every alternate order. Unus et viginti can express the same value; its actual noun phrase still needs appropriate agreement and construction.
Look for these in your work
- Uses equal value
- Allows alternative
- Preserves grammar
Common mistakes
- Adding a subtractive number
- Rejecting every alternate order
- Using ordinal forms for a count
What can you explain now?
Does duodequadraginta mean forty-two?
Compare with the explanation
No, thirty-eight
The construction subtracts two from forty.
After trying it yourself, choose your next review. This is your self-assessment.
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Make it stick
Does duodequadraginta mean forty-two?
If you needed the solution, close it and solve the problem again from a blank page. A correct answer is stronger when you can explain the reason for each step.