Evaluate travel choices to and around destinations
Compare air, water, rail and road access, then assess local buses, cycling, shared transport, hire schemes and rapid transit against visitor needs and sustainability.
Section Paper 1 · Themes and Concepts · Topics 1–4
Exam scope and assessment notes
This original lesson maps Cambridge International AS & A Level Travel & Tourism 9395 syllabus section 2.3 for exams in 2027, 2028 and 2029. Build AO1 knowledge, AO2 application, AO3 analysis and research, and AO4 evaluation. Examples and practice are original StudyForA material, not Cambridge questions, mark schemes or official grades. Use current, reliable local evidence; tourism effects and customer needs depend on context. Paper 2 requires learners to plan and manage a real event as a team, then present their project individually. This site can teach and simulate the planning process, but cannot conduct the event, verify participation or evidence, replace centre approval and supervision, award a coursework mark, or provide Cambridge moderation.
Before you begin
Work on paper. Try each question before revealing help, and explain why your method works.
Quick readiness check
Before you start: What should a fair transport comparison include?
What you will learn
- Compare travel to destinations by air, cruise or boat, ferry, road, rail, bridge and tunnel.
- Compare travel around destinations by road, cycle, shared transport, bus/coach, taxi/private hire, hired cycles/e-scooters, rapid rail and water transport.
- Evaluate choices using journey time, cost, reliability, capacity, access, safety, customer needs and credible environmental evidence.
Compare the whole journey
A mode's appeal depends on distance, cost, time, comfort, reliability, capacity, safety and the visitor's needs. Include transfers, first/last mile, waiting time and seasonal operation rather than comparing only the vehicle.
Access to a destination may involve air, cruise or boat, ferry, road, rail, or bridge/tunnel links. Local movement may use cycles, shared transport, buses or coaches, taxi and private hire, cycle/e-scooter hire, rapid transit rail and water services.
Sustainability claims require evidence
Compare relevant emissions and resource use using credible, like-for-like evidence where available. A lower-emission vehicle does not automatically make an entire trip sustainable if access, energy, congestion, safety or ecological effects are ignored.
Consider who can use the option: step-free boarding, clear information, affordable fares, safe routes and alternatives may determine whether a service works for visitors with different needs.
Sources for this lesson
Pause and explain
A new e-scooter scheme is promoted as low impact. Which evidence matters?
Worked example
A city proposes a rapid rail link from its airport plus bike hire for short journeys. State one advantage and one check for each part.
Show the worked solution
- Rail may move more arrivals into the city with fewer road transfers; check service hours, reliability and step-free connections.
- Bike hire may suit short trips and reduce some car journeys; check route safety, terrain, parking and alternatives.
- Compare the complete journey and measure uptake and effects rather than assuming both changes suit every visitor.
Answer The rail link may improve gateway access, while bike hire can help some short trips. Reliability, inclusion and safe infrastructure must be verified for both.
Try a topic test
Choose Easy, Normal or Difficult. Save your answers and open worked review after finishing.
Test this topic →From guided practice to a new situation
Write your answer and reasoning first. Use a hint only if you are stuck. The model solution is for self-checking; your written work is not automatically marked.
Visitors can reach an island by ferry or a short flight. Recommend evidence the destination should compare before promoting one as the sustainable option.
Give me a hint
Compare like-for-like journeys and include access, operation and place-based effects.
Compare my reasoning
- Compare door-to-door emissions and energy per passenger using a reliable, consistent method.
- Check capacity, frequency, weather disruption, transfers and access for passengers with different needs.
- Assess local effects such as port or airport infrastructure, noise, habitats and connections beyond arrival.
No mode is automatically sustainable. Use comparable impact evidence and include reliability, passenger access and local effects before making a qualified recommendation.
Look for these in your work
- Requests comparable evidence
- Includes complete access
- Qualifies the recommendation
A resort's buses are cheap but infrequent; taxis are more reliable but costly. Explain how different customer types may weigh the choice.
Give me a hint
Apply the criteria to needs without treating groups as uniform.
Compare my reasoning
- Visitors with flexible schedules may accept bus waiting time in exchange for lower cost.
- Visitors travelling with mobility, sensory or time-sensitive needs may require specific reliability and access details.
- Check actual service design and ask users; provide clear options rather than assuming one mode fits everyone.
Cost, timing, access and reliability matter differently by journey and visitor. Publish verified service information and provide alternatives where a mode does not meet a person's needs.
Look for these in your work
- Applies multiple criteria
- Considers access and time
- Avoids stereotyping
A town considers protected cycle routes, shared buses and water taxis. Propose a short pilot and measures to judge whether it improves local travel.
Give me a hint
Set a target, compare a baseline and include safety, inclusion and environmental effects.
Compare my reasoning
- Choose a defined route and period and record existing travel patterns and access barriers.
- Pilot connected routes and clear timetables with accessible alternatives for visitors who cannot cycle or use the water service.
- Measure use, journey reliability, safety incidents, visitor feedback and relevant congestion or environmental indicators.
A bounded pilot with a baseline can test whether connected options improve travel. Evaluate safety, access and actual use alongside congestion and impact before expansion.
Look for these in your work
- Defines a testable pilot
- Includes inclusive alternatives
- Uses several outcome measures
Common mistakes
- Ignoring transfer time and first/last-mile access
- Calling an option sustainable based only on its vehicle
- Treating cycle or e-scooter hire as suitable for all visitors
What can you explain now?
A new e-scooter scheme is promoted as low impact. Which evidence matters?
Compare with the explanation
Route safety, energy, access, uptake and effects on other users and places
A strong response applies the concept to the evidence, explains the effect and qualifies its conclusion where conditions matter.
After trying it yourself, choose your next review. This is your self-assessment.
Your review choice appears on Today. Sign in to sync it across devices.
Make it stick
List three criteria for choosing transport and name one local mode and one access issue to check.
If you needed the solution, close it and solve the problem again from a blank page. A correct answer is stronger when you can explain the reason for each step.