Match adrenal glands and pancreas with their Core hormones
Distinguish adrenal adrenaline from pancreatic insulin and digestive secretion.
Section 14.3 · Hormones
Exam scope and assessment notes
Core and Extended · Biology 0970, 2026–2028. Use the stated specimen features and evidence. Diagrams are schematic. Written practice is self-checked; human subject-teacher review, supervised practical competence and cumulative assessment remain pending. Cambridge states that IGCSE 0970 has the same subject content as IGCSE 0610, with 9–1 grading. This StudyForA pathway maps the 2026–2028 syllabus only. This 9–1 graded qualification is available only in a limited number of administrative zones. Confirm that your centre can enter you for this code and exam series with Cambridge International. Cambridge has published a separate syllabus for 2029. StudyForA has not reconciled that version yet; this page supports exams in 2026, 2027 and 2028 only.
Before you begin
- Recall electrical impulses, blood transport, gland secretion and the distinction between a stimulus and a body response.
Work on paper. Try each question before revealing help, and explain why your method works.
Quick readiness check
Which Core hormone is matched with pancreas?
What you will learn
- Recall the two upper-abdominal pairings
- Separate endocrine and digestive pancreatic roles
Match adrenal glands and pancreas with their Core hormones
Adrenal caps and pancreas have different hormone pairings. Pancreatic digestive output through a duct is distinct from insulin entering blood. Original teaching model.
| Feature | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Adrenal glands | Above kidneys; adrenaline |
| Pancreas | Upper abdomen; insulin |
| Endocrine output | Hormone released into blood |
| Digestive output | Pancreatic juice through a duct to small intestine |
Recall the two upper-abdominal pairings
Adrenal glands are small glands situated immediately above the kidneys. Their required Core hormone is adrenaline. The kidneys underneath have urinary functions and are not interchangeable with the adrenal caps in an identification answer. Use gland position to recognise the anatomical source and then give adrenaline as the hormone name.
The pancreas is an elongated gland in the upper abdomen. Its required Core hormone is insulin, which is released into blood. The pancreas also has a digestive role: pancreatic juice containing enzymes travels by a duct to the small intestine. Endocrine secretion into blood and digestive secretion into a duct are different routes from the same organ.
Separate endocrine and digestive pancreatic roles
This distinction prevents an enzyme from being supplied as the required pancreatic hormone. Insulin is not the pancreatic juice entering the alimentary canal, and the blood carrying insulin is not a digestive duct. When a question asks for the Core gland–hormone pair, pancreas–insulin supplies the required relationship without substituting an enzyme such as amylase.
Use the same pairings in both an unfamiliar diagram and a written account. A cap above a kidney suggests the adrenal target; an elongated upper-abdominal gland suggests pancreas when those features are supplied. These are identification features, not a complete description of every hormone or digestive enzyme an organ can produce. Glucagon is added in the Supplement lesson.
Pause and explain
Which distinction correctly describes pancreatic secretion routes?
Worked example
Match an adrenal cap and pancreas to their required Core hormones.
Show the worked solution
- The adrenal cap belongs to adrenal glands: adrenaline.
- Pancreas supplies insulin to blood.
Answer Adrenal glands–adrenaline; pancreas–insulin.
Try a topic test
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Test this topic →From guided practice to a new situation
Write your answer and reasoning first. Use a hint only if you are stuck. The model solution is for self-checking; your written work is not automatically marked.
Give the Core adrenal and pancreatic hormone pairings.
Give me a hint
Supply both gland and hormone names.
Compare my reasoning
- Adrenal glands secrete adrenaline.
- Pancreas secretes insulin.
Adrenal glands–adrenaline; pancreas–insulin.
Look for these in your work
- Name both glands
- Match both hormones
Distinguish the route of insulin from that of digestive pancreatic juice.
Give me a hint
Compare blood transport and a digestive duct.
Compare my reasoning
- Insulin is released into blood as a hormone.
- Pancreatic juice passes through a duct to small intestine.
Insulin enters blood; digestive pancreatic juice travels through a duct to the small intestine.
Look for these in your work
- State both transport routes
- Distinguish endocrine and digestive outputs
An answer pairs a cap above a kidney with insulin and the pancreas with adrenaline. Correct it and justify the anatomical identification.
Give me a hint
Keep location and chemical pairings consistent.
Compare my reasoning
- Caps above kidneys identify adrenal glands and adrenaline.
- The elongated upper-abdominal pancreas is paired with insulin.
Adrenal caps: adrenal glands–adrenaline. Elongated upper-abdominal pancreas: pancreas–insulin.
Look for these in your work
- Use the supplied organ positions
- Correct both switched pairings
Common mistakes
- Naming kidney instead of adrenal gland.
- Giving pancreatic amylase as the required hormone.
What can you explain now?
Which distinction correctly describes pancreatic secretion routes?
Compare with the explanation
Insulin into blood; digestive pancreatic juice through a duct
The same organ has different secretion roles.
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Make it stick
Recall the two abdominal Core pairings and distinguish pancreatic secretion routes.
If you needed the solution, close it and solve the problem again from a blank page. A correct answer is stronger when you can explain the reason for each step.