Adverbs: time, place, manner and degree
Learn this complete reference set, recall meanings and construction clues, then apply the grammar in original short practice.
Exam scope and assessment notes
Original teaching foundations for the 2026–2028 syllabus. Six prescribed texts have passage-specific sequences; all 693 printed vocabulary rows have been reconciled into 692 distinct records, with additional number, comparison and compound-verb practice. Linked teaching and lexical self-checks do not certify mastery. Complete line-by-line annotation, further translation and scansion practice, qualified Latin-teacher review, full timed papers and human marking remain outstanding. Open the assigned edition alongside these lessons: public ancient texts can differ in spelling, punctuation or editorial readings from the prescribed prose anthology. Practice explanations are formative, not Cambridge questions, marks or predicted grades. Cambridge has announced withdrawal; the last assessment is June 2028, in administrative zones 3, 4, 5 and 6 only. Confirm entry with your centre.
Before you begin
- Identify noun, verb and clause roles
- Recall the whole dictionary record rather than only its first spelling
Work on paper. Try each question before revealing help, and explain why your method works.
Quick readiness check
What does a dictionary meaning fail to establish on its own?
What you will learn
- Recall the listed adverbs without inventing agreement endings
- Distinguish similar time/place terms and adverbial homonyms
Read the form, recall the meaning, then check the construction
Use the reference list to learn, then hide the meanings in recall practice. The usage note explains a grammatical clue or limit. Self-check labels do not award a grade or certify mastery.
65 of 65 entries shown · 0 marked for another review in this practice
adeoAdverb
to such an extent, so much
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
adhucAdverb
still, up till now
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
anteaAdverb
previously
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
beneAdverb
well
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
cotidieAdverb
every day
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
crasAdverb
tomorrow
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
deindeAdverb
then, next
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
diuAdverb
for a long time
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
eoAdverb
to there, thither
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
etiamAdverb
even, also
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
forteAdverb
by chance
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
frustraAdverb
in vain
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
heriAdverb
yesterday
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
hicAdverb
here
The short adverb hic means here; distinguish the separate demonstrative record hic, haec, hoc.
hincAdverb
from here, hence
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
hodieAdverb
today
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
hucAdverb
to here, hither
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
iamAdverb
now, already
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
ibiAdverb
there
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
illucAdverb
to there, thither
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
indeAdverb
from there, thence
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
intereaAdverb
meanwhile
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
itaAdverb
so, thus
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
iterumAdverb
again
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
lenteAdverb
slowly
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
libenterAdverb
gladly, willingly
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
longeAdverb
far off
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
magnopereAdverb
very much, especially
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
modoAdverb
only, just now
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
moxAdverb
soon
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
nondumAdverb
not yet
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
numquamAdverb
never
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
nuncAdverb
now
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
nuperAdverb
recently
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
olimAdverb
once upon a time, once
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
paeneAdverb
almost
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
paulisperAdverb
for a short while
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
posteaAdverb
afterwards
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
postridieAdverb
next day
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
praetereaAdverb
moreover, furthermore
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
primoAdverb
first, at first
Can describe the initial stage. Distinguish it in context from the adjective primus and from a numbered ordinal form.
primumAdverb
first, at first
Can mean at first or for the first time. Read its role rather than assuming every -um form is a noun object.
proculAdverb
in the distance, far off
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
prope (adverb)Adverb
near, almost
Distinguish the preposition with an accusative from the adverb near or almost; the construction supplies the difference.
quidemAdverb
indeed
An emphasis particle. Its placement and context matter; do not translate it as the interrogative quid.
quoqueAdverb
also
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
saepeAdverb
often
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
satisAdverb
enough
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
scilicetAdverb
obviously, clearly
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
semperAdverb
always
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
sicAdverb
so, thus
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
simulAdverb
at the same time
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
statimAdverb
at once, immediately
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
subitoAdverb
suddenly
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
tamAdverb
so
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
tamenAdverb
however, yet
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
tandemAdverb
at last, finally
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
tumAdverb
then
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
ubiqueAdverb
everywhere
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
umquamAdverb
ever
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
valdeAdverb
very
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
vehementerAdverb
violently
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
veroAdverb
in fact, indeed, truly
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
vixAdverb
hardly, scarcely
Read what this modifies: action, time, place or degree. It does not automatically agree with the nearest noun, and context selects its relevant sense.
nonSupplementary negation
not
Negates the relevant statement or action. Keep it distinct from ne and the attached question particle -ne; this supplementary card is not a separately printed row in the reconciled list.
Find what is modified
An adverb can locate an action in time or place, describe manner or mark degree. Hodie, heri and cras distinguish today, yesterday and tomorrow; huc and hinc distinguish towards here and from here. A memorised translation should preserve that relation in the sentence.
Adverbs do not normally take an agreeing ending merely because the nearby noun changes gender or case. Hic here differs from the demonstrative hic, haec, hoc. Eo as there/to there differs from the verb eo, ire; prope near/almost differs from its prepositional record.
Keep emphasis and limits
Iam, adhuc, nondum, mox, statim and tandem affect timing and expectation. Vix hardly is not the same as a full non denial. Quoque also, quidem indeed and tamen however have different discourse functions; a nearby familiar spelling is not enough to identify them.
The supplementary non card supports basic negation but is not a separately printed row in this reconciled vocabulary list. The separate formation lesson extends regular and irregular adverb comparison; knowing one listed adverb is not proof of every derived form.
Sources for this lesson
Pause and explain
Do ordinary adverbs need a new feminine ending beside a feminine subject?
Worked example
Translate original ‘Hodie ambulamus; cras navigabimus’.
Show the worked solution
- Hodie supplies today's setting.
- Ambulamus is present plural.
- Cras and navigabimus supply tomorrow's future action.
Answer Today we walk; tomorrow we will sail. The adverbs and verb forms together preserve the change of time, without turning today into an adjective agreeing with a noun.
Try a topic test
Choose Easy, Normal or Difficult. Save your answers and open worked review after finishing.
Test this topic →From guided practice to a new situation
Write your answer and reasoning first. Use a hint only if you are stuck. The model solution is for self-checking; your written work is not automatically marked.
Guided: Distinguish heri, hodie and cras.
Give me a hint
Locate each relative to today.
Compare my reasoning
- Heri is yesterday.
- Hodie is today.
- Cras is tomorrow.
The three adverbs identify different days. They should be matched to the surrounding verb time and narrative setting, not swapped as generic words meaning sometime.
Look for these in your work
- Uses past day
- Uses present day
- Uses future day
Independent: Compare huc and hinc in a travel account.
Give me a hint
Towards a point differs from away from it.
Compare my reasoning
- Huc indicates to here.
- Hinc indicates from here.
- Preserve the direction.
Huc brings movement towards here, while hinc starts it from here. The distinction can reverse a journey, so place vocabulary must be interpreted with its direction.
Look for these in your work
- Uses destination
- Uses source
- Preserves journey
Application: A sentence says an event hardly happened, but a draft says it never happened. What changed?
Give me a hint
Vix and numquam differ.
Compare my reasoning
- Identify the limiting almost-negative force.
- Distinguish a never claim.
- Preserve the original degree and time scope.
Replacing hardly with never turns a limiting description into a stronger denial across time. The reader must retain the adverb's degree and scope rather than treat approximate negativity as identical to full negation.
Look for these in your work
- Uses degree
- Uses scope
- Avoids strengthened claim
Common mistakes
- Giving adverbs noun agreement
- Confusing here with to/from here
- Making hardly identical to not
What can you explain now?
Do ordinary adverbs need a new feminine ending beside a feminine subject?
Compare with the explanation
No
Their modifying role does not use ordinary adjective agreement.
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Make it stick
Do ordinary adverbs need a new feminine ending beside a feminine subject?
If you needed the solution, close it and solve the problem again from a blank page. A correct answer is stronger when you can explain the reason for each step.