Accounting 9706
Learn to record transactions, check accounts and prepare financial statements. Use accounting information to analyse performance and support decisions.
What you'll cover
- Financial accounting (AS Level)
- Cost and management accounting (AS Level)
- Financial accounting (A Level)
- Cost and management accounting (A Level)
Published syllabus exam years: 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029. Confirm exam-series and centre availability with your school and Cambridge.
Progress through Cambridge International AS & A Level Accounting 9706
2026–2028 syllabus · Version 2
17 of 17 sections have teaching and practice
Start the learning pathwayStudy options and assessment
197 original lessons teach Topics 1.1–1.6 and 2.1–2.2, plus Topics 3.1–3.5 and 4.1–4.4, with explained, staged practice mapped to the listed syllabus objectives, including all four Topic 1.5 objectives. Topic 3.1 covers partnership changes, clubs and societies, manufacturing accounts and the limited-company statement set. Topic 3.2 covers all nine named IAS at Cambridge's stated main-provisions level, ethical principles, audit and stewardship. Topic 3.3 covers business mergers and acquisitions, goodwill, consideration, ledger entries, post-acquisition statements and evaluation. Topic 3.4 covers controlled accounting-data conversion and integrity checks. Topic 3.5 covers all nine appendix ratios, exact prescribed formulae, interrelationships, limitations and justified stakeholder recommendations. Topic 4.1 covers cost pools, cost drivers, ABC overhead allocation, unit costs, selling prices, comparisons, uses, limitations and business decisions. Topic 4.2 covers standard costing, all listed cost and sales variances, their causes and relationships, budget improvement and non-financial decision factors. Topic 4.3 covers linked master-budget schedules, all nine listed budgets, limiting factors, flexible-budget statements and reconciliations, target behaviour and supported decisions. Topic 4.4 covers future project cash flows, payback, ARR, NPV, IRR, method limits and balanced recommendations; Cambridge excludes discounted payback and residual-value questions. All 17 topics have full mapped sequences. The separately published 2029 syllabus is not covered. Practice is self-checked and does not award Cambridge grades. Full timed Papers 1–4 and human subject-teacher review remain outstanding.
This pathway is for examinations in 2026, 2027 and 2028 under syllabus Version 2. Cambridge lists June and November, plus March for schools in India. The separately published 2029 syllabus is not mapped here. Confirm the candidate's exam year, series and entry route with the centre.
Choose your paper route
- AS Level onlyPaper 1 Multiple Choice · Paper 2 Fundamentals of Accounting
Both AS components are taken in the same exam series; eligible grades are a–e.
- A Level staged over two yearsYear 1: Papers 1–2 · Year 2: Papers 3–4
Carry-forward rules and time limits apply; check the Cambridge Handbook for the exam year.
- A Level in one seriesPapers 1–4
Eligible grades are A*–E. Check component entry options with the exams officer.
Cambridge recommends prior mathematics equivalent to IGCSE Extended or O Level. The full A Level assumes the AS content.
View syllabus coverage
Topics 1.1–1.6 and 2.1–2.2 have original lessons with guided, independent and transfer practice mapped to their listed syllabus objectives, including all four Topic 1.5 objectives. Topic 3.1 covers all five listed objectives: financial-statement purpose, partnership changes, clubs and societies, manufacturing businesses, and limited-company statements and schedules. Topic 3.2 covers the nine named IAS at the Cambridge teacher-guidance level, the five ethical principles, audit and stewardship, with applied practice for each strand. Topic 3.3 covers business-merger and acquisition forms, goodwill, consideration, accounting entries, new-entity statements and evaluation. Topic 3.4 covers planning, cleaning and mapping data, cutover, opening balances, validation, reconciliation, testing, access controls, backups and exception review; no particular software is required. Topic 3.5 covers all nine appendix ratios, including their prescribed formulae, interrelationships, limitations, and justified stakeholder recommendations. Topic 4.1 covers ABC, cost-pool creation, driver choice and rates, overhead apportionment and allocation, unit costs, selling prices, method comparisons, uses, limitations and supported business decisions. Topic 4.2 covers standard costing; material price and usage; labour rate and efficiency; fixed-overhead expenditure, volume, capacity and efficiency; and sales price and volume variances, with cause investigation, budget improvement and non-financial decision factors. Topic 4.3 covers budgetary control, spreadsheet preparation, linked master-budget schedules, all nine listed budgets, limiting factors, flexible-budget preparation and cost/profit reconciliations, behavioural effects of targets, and supported decisions with non-financial factors. Topic 4.4 covers future project cash flows; payback; ARR; NPV; IRR; method limitations and supported decisions. Cambridge excludes discounted payback and questions involving project residual value. AS covers topics 1.1–2.2; A Level covers 1.1–4.4. All 17 syllabus topics have mapped teaching sequences, but this is not full timed-paper practice, a mastery claim or an official grade. The separate 2029 syllabus is not covered. Full timed Papers 1–4 and human subject-teacher review remain outstanding.
Financial accounting (AS Level)
- Types of business entity1.1
- The accounting system1.2Use duality and the accounting equationRoute transactions through books of prime entryPost ledger accounts and prepare a trial balanceApply accounting concepts to financial recordsUse consistency, prudence and accrual conceptsEvaluate computerised accounting systemsProtect accounting data in a computerised system
- Accounting for non-current assets1.3Classify capital and revenue receipts and expenditureExplain depreciation and its accounting purposeCalculate straight-line depreciationCalculate reducing-balance depreciationCompare the cost model and revaluation modelRecord acquisition and depreciation entriesRecord asset revaluationsCalculate gain or loss on disposalShow non-current assets in financial statements
- Reconciliation and verification1.4Verify ledger balances against reliable evidenceClassify errors by whether the trial balance detects themUse a suspense account to correct trial-balance errorsExplain how error corrections affect the financial statementsUpdate the cash book before a bank reconciliationPrepare a bank reconciliation statementEvaluate bank reconciliations as a cash controlRecord transactions in ledger control accountsReconcile control accounts to personal ledgers
- Preparation of financial statements1.5Adjust expenses and income for accruals and prepaymentsWrite off irrecoverable debts and record recoveriesCalculate and adjust an allowance for irrecoverable debtsAdjust inventory and depreciation in draft statementsCorrect errors when preparing draft financial statementsPrepare a trading sole trader's statement of profit or lossPrepare a service sole trader's statement of profit or lossPrepare a sole trader's statement of financial positionPrepare sole-trader statements from incomplete recordsPrepare a partnership appropriation accountPrepare partners’ capital and current accountsApply partnership agreements and statutory defaultsPrepare partnership statements from full or incomplete recordsRecord ordinary-share, rights and bonus issuesClassify company reserves and dividendsPrepare limited-company financial statementsChoose company finance for a stated purpose
- Analysis and communication of accounting information1.6
Cost and management accounting (AS Level)
- Costs and cost behaviour2.1
- Traditional costing methods2.2
Financial accounting (A Level)
- Preparation of financial statements3.1Explain why different businesses prepare financial statementsDistinguish purchased goodwill from inherent goodwillAdjust partners’ accounts when the profit-sharing ratio changesPrepare accounts when a new partner joinsSettle a partner’s retirement and continuing partners’ accountsPrepare partnership statements when profit shares change mid-yearPrepare revaluation and realisation accounts on dissolutionDistinguish club receipts and payments from income and expenditureAccount for subscriptions, life membership and donationsPrepare accounts for a club’s trading and revenue activitiesPrepare club statements from complete or incomplete recordsEvaluate finance and fundraising for a club or societyPrepare a manufacturing account and calculate production costPrepare a manufacturer’s statement of profit or loss and financial positionEliminate unrealised factory profit from closing inventoryPrepare a limited company’s statement of profit or loss and financial positionPrepare a limited company statement of cash flowsPrepare a statement of changes in equityPrepare a schedule of non-current assets
- Regulatory and ethical considerations3.2Present a complete set of financial statements under IAS 1Measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realisable valueClassify and reconcile cash flows under IAS 7Apply IAS 8 to policies, estimates and prior-period errorsClassify events after the reporting period under IAS 10Recognise and measure property, plant and equipment under IAS 16Calculate an impairment loss under IAS 36Distinguish provisions from contingent items under IAS 37Recognise and amortise intangible assets under IAS 38Apply the five ethical principles in accountingEvaluate ethical decisions and their stakeholder effectsExplain auditor responsibilities and internal versus external auditDistinguish qualified and unqualified audit reportsExplain stewardship and directors' accountability to shareholders
- Business acquisition and merger3.3Explain why businesses merge or acquire another businessDistinguish buying a business from buying individual assetsCalculate goodwill on the acquisition of a businessRecord cash, shares and loan notes as purchase considerationMerge two sole traders into a partnershipMerge two sole traders into a limited companyForm a new partnership from a sole trader and an existing partnershipRecord the acquisition of a partnership by a limited companyPost journal entries for business acquisition and goodwillPrepare the seller partnership's realisation and partner accountsPrepare an opening statement of financial position after acquisitionPrepare post-acquisition profit and loss informationEvaluate the agreed valuation of a businessEvaluate the advantages and disadvantages of acquisition
- Computerised accounting systems3.4Plan a controlled transfer to a computerised accounting systemClean and validate accounting data before migrationMap the chart of accounts and data fieldsTransfer opening balances and reconcile control accountsSet a transaction cutover and prevent gaps or duplicatesUse control totals and validation to verify imported dataTest converted balances before going liveProtect migrated data with access controls and backupsResolve conversion exceptions and monitor the first closeEvaluate a computerised accounting conversion
- Analysis and communication of accounting information3.5Calculate the turnover days used in the working capital cycleCalculate and interpret the working capital cycleCalculate net working assets to revenueCalculate and interpret interest coverCalculate gearing using the syllabus definitionCalculate earnings per shareCalculate the price/earnings ratioCalculate dividend per shareCalculate dividend yieldCalculate dividend coverLink working-capital ratios to operating decisionsConnect gearing and interest coverCalculate earnings per share and price/earnings togetherConnect dividend per share, yield and coverExplain how the Topic 3.5 ratios interrelateCompare ratio trends and assess their limitationsWrite justified recommendations from ratio analysis
Cost and management accounting (A Level)
- Activity based costing4.1Explain how activity-based costing worksIdentify activities and choose cost driversBuild activity cost pools and apportion overheadsCalculate activity driver ratesAllocate activity costs to productsCalculate total product cost and selling price under ABCCompare ABC with traditional overhead absorptionExplain how allocation methods affect product cost and profitAssess the uses and limitations of ABCUse ABC information to make a supported recommendation
- Standard costing4.2Understand standard costing and performance controlChoose the correct basis and interpret favourable variancesCalculate a direct-material price varianceCalculate a direct-material usage varianceLink material price and usage variancesCalculate a direct-labour rate varianceCalculate a direct-labour efficiency varianceLink labour rate and efficiency variancesCalculate a fixed-overhead expenditure varianceCalculate a fixed-overhead volume varianceCalculate a fixed-overhead capacity sub-varianceCalculate a fixed-overhead efficiency sub-varianceCalculate a direct-sales price varianceCalculate a direct-sales volume varianceInvestigate linked variances and improve decisions
- Budgeting and budgetary control4.3Explain budgetary control and its roleBuild a master budget and coordinate schedulesPrepare a sales budgetPrepare a production budgetPrepare a materials-purchases budgetPrepare a labour budgetPrepare a trade-receivables budgetPrepare a trade-payables budgetPrepare a cash budgetPrepare a budgeted statement of profit or lossPrepare a budgeted statement of financial positionBudget when a resource is a limiting factorCompare fixed and flexible budgetsPrepare a flexible budget statementReconcile flexible production cost with actual costReconcile flexible budgeted profit with actual profitAssess behavioural effects of budget targetsUse budget evidence to recommend a business decision
- Investment appraisal4.4Map the cash flows of a capital projectCalculate payback with equal annual inflowsCalculate payback with uneven cash flowsEvaluate payback as an investment methodDefine accounting rate of returnCalculate ARR from project profitEvaluate ARRUse discount factors and present valuesCalculate net present valueCompare NPV and test assumptionsUnderstand internal rate of returnEstimate IRR by interpolationCompare payback, ARR, NPV and IRRChoose between mutually exclusive projectsAssess non-financial investment factorsPrepare a balanced investment recommendation
Lessons and worked examples
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Choose a lesson, try the practice and explain the idea without your notes. Your study checks help you decide what to review.
- 01
Identify the ownership and control of a business
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Not started - 02
Compare sole-trader ownership with partnership
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Not started - 03
Compare private limited companies and public limited companies
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Not started - 04
Choose between a loan and a bank overdraft
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Not started - 05
Compare trade credit, instalment payments and leasing
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Not started - 06
Match business finance to its purpose
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Not started - 07
Use duality and the accounting equation
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Not started - 08
Route transactions through books of prime entry
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Not started - 09
Post ledger accounts and prepare a trial balance
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Not started - 10
Apply accounting concepts to financial records
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Not started - 11
Use consistency, prudence and accrual concepts
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Not started - 12
Evaluate computerised accounting systems
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Not started - 13
Protect accounting data in a computerised system
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Not started - 14
Classify capital and revenue receipts and expenditure
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Not started - 15
Explain depreciation and its accounting purpose
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Not started - 16
Calculate straight-line depreciation
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Not started - 17
Calculate reducing-balance depreciation
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Not started - 18
Compare the cost model and revaluation model
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Not started - 19
Record acquisition and depreciation entries
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Not started - 20
Record asset revaluations
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Not started - 21
Calculate gain or loss on disposal
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Not started - 22
Show non-current assets in financial statements
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Not started - 23
Verify ledger balances against reliable evidence
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Not started - 24
Classify errors by whether the trial balance detects them
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Not started - 25
Use a suspense account to correct trial-balance errors
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Not started - 26
Explain how error corrections affect the financial statements
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Not started - 27
Update the cash book before a bank reconciliation
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Not started - 28
Prepare a bank reconciliation statement
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Not started - 29
Evaluate bank reconciliations as a cash control
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Not started - 30
Record transactions in ledger control accounts
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Not started - 31
Reconcile control accounts to personal ledgers
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Not started - 32
Adjust expenses and income for accruals and prepayments
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Not started - 33
Write off irrecoverable debts and record recoveries
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Not started - 34
Calculate and adjust an allowance for irrecoverable debts
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Not started - 35
Adjust inventory and depreciation in draft statements
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Not started - 36
Correct errors when preparing draft financial statements
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Not started - 37
Prepare a trading sole trader's statement of profit or loss
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Not started - 38
Prepare a service sole trader's statement of profit or loss
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Not started - 39
Prepare a sole trader's statement of financial position
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Not started - 40
Prepare sole-trader statements from incomplete records
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Not started - 41
Prepare a partnership appropriation account
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Not started - 42
Prepare partners’ capital and current accounts
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Not started - 43
Apply partnership agreements and statutory defaults
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Not started - 44
Prepare partnership statements from full or incomplete records
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Not started - 45
Record ordinary-share, rights and bonus issues
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Not started - 46
Classify company reserves and dividends
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Not started - 47
Prepare limited-company financial statements
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Not started - 48
Choose company finance for a stated purpose
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Not started - 49
Match accounting information to stakeholder needs
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Not started - 50
Calculate profitability ratios using Cambridge formulas
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Not started - 51
Calculate and interpret liquidity ratios
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Not started - 52
Calculate efficiency ratios for assets, receivables, payables and inventory
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Not started - 53
Evaluate ratios and recommend performance improvements
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Not started - 54
Trace material and labour costs into production
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Not started - 55
Calculate fixed, variable, semi-variable and stepped costs
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Not started - 56
Value closing inventory with periodic FIFO and AVCO
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Not started - 57
Apply FIFO and moving AVCO to perpetual records
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Not started - 58
Evaluate just-in-time inventory decisions
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Not started - 59
Apply unit, job and batch costing
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Not started - 60
Apportion overheads and calculate absorption rates
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Not started - 61
Prepare absorption costs and explain overhead differences
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Not started - 62
Calculate contribution and break-even measures
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Not started - 63
Use marginal costing for profit and decisions
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Not started - 64
Evaluate cost–volume–profit decisions
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Not started - 65
Explain why different businesses prepare financial statements
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Not started - 66
Distinguish purchased goodwill from inherent goodwill
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Not started - 67
Adjust partners’ accounts when the profit-sharing ratio changes
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Not started - 68
Prepare accounts when a new partner joins
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Not started - 69
Settle a partner’s retirement and continuing partners’ accounts
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Not started - 70
Prepare partnership statements when profit shares change mid-year
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Not started - 71
Prepare revaluation and realisation accounts on dissolution
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Not started - 72
Distinguish club receipts and payments from income and expenditure
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Not started - 73
Account for subscriptions, life membership and donations
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Not started - 74
Prepare accounts for a club’s trading and revenue activities
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Not started - 75
Prepare club statements from complete or incomplete records
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Not started - 76
Evaluate finance and fundraising for a club or society
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Not started - 77
Prepare a manufacturing account and calculate production cost
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Not started - 78
Prepare a manufacturer’s statement of profit or loss and financial position
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Not started - 79
Eliminate unrealised factory profit from closing inventory
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Not started - 80
Prepare a limited company’s statement of profit or loss and financial position
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Not started - 81
Prepare a limited company statement of cash flows
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Not started - 82
Prepare a statement of changes in equity
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Not started - 83
Prepare a schedule of non-current assets
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Not started - 84
Present a complete set of financial statements under IAS 1
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Not started - 85
Measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realisable value
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Not started - 86
Classify and reconcile cash flows under IAS 7
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Not started - 87
Apply IAS 8 to policies, estimates and prior-period errors
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Not started - 88
Classify events after the reporting period under IAS 10
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Not started - 89
Recognise and measure property, plant and equipment under IAS 16
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Not started - 90
Calculate an impairment loss under IAS 36
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Not started - 91
Distinguish provisions from contingent items under IAS 37
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Not started - 92
Recognise and amortise intangible assets under IAS 38
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Not started - 93
Apply the five ethical principles in accounting
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Not started - 94
Evaluate ethical decisions and their stakeholder effects
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Not started - 95
Explain auditor responsibilities and internal versus external audit
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Not started - 96
Distinguish qualified and unqualified audit reports
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Not started - 97
Explain stewardship and directors' accountability to shareholders
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Not started - 98
Explain why businesses merge or acquire another business
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Not started - 99
Distinguish buying a business from buying individual assets
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Not started - 100
Calculate goodwill on the acquisition of a business
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Not started - 101
Record cash, shares and loan notes as purchase consideration
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Not started - 102
Merge two sole traders into a partnership
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Not started - 103
Merge two sole traders into a limited company
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Not started - 104
Form a new partnership from a sole trader and an existing partnership
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Not started - 105
Record the acquisition of a partnership by a limited company
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Not started - 106
Post journal entries for business acquisition and goodwill
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Not started - 107
Prepare the seller partnership's realisation and partner accounts
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Not started - 108
Prepare an opening statement of financial position after acquisition
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Not started - 109
Prepare post-acquisition profit and loss information
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Not started - 110
Evaluate the agreed valuation of a business
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Not started - 111
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of acquisition
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Not started - 112
Plan a controlled transfer to a computerised accounting system
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Not started - 113
Clean and validate accounting data before migration
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Not started - 114
Map the chart of accounts and data fields
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Not started - 115
Transfer opening balances and reconcile control accounts
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Not started - 116
Set a transaction cutover and prevent gaps or duplicates
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Not started - 117
Use control totals and validation to verify imported data
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Not started - 118
Test converted balances before going live
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Not started - 119
Protect migrated data with access controls and backups
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Not started - 120
Resolve conversion exceptions and monitor the first close
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Not started - 121
Evaluate a computerised accounting conversion
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Not started - 122
Calculate the turnover days used in the working capital cycle
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Not started - 123
Calculate and interpret the working capital cycle
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Not started - 124
Calculate net working assets to revenue
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Not started - 125
Calculate and interpret interest cover
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Not started - 126
Calculate gearing using the syllabus definition
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Not started - 127
Calculate earnings per share
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Not started - 128
Calculate the price/earnings ratio
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Not started - 129
Calculate dividend per share
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Not started - 130
Calculate dividend yield
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Not started - 131
Calculate dividend cover
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Not started - 132
Link working-capital ratios to operating decisions
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Not started - 133
Connect gearing and interest cover
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Not started - 134
Calculate earnings per share and price/earnings together
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Not started - 135
Connect dividend per share, yield and cover
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Not started - 136
Explain how the Topic 3.5 ratios interrelate
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Not started - 137
Compare ratio trends and assess their limitations
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Not started - 138
Write justified recommendations from ratio analysis
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Not started - 139
Explain how activity-based costing works
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Not started - 140
Identify activities and choose cost drivers
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Not started - 141
Build activity cost pools and apportion overheads
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Not started - 142
Calculate activity driver rates
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Not started - 143
Allocate activity costs to products
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Not started - 144
Calculate total product cost and selling price under ABC
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Not started - 145
Compare ABC with traditional overhead absorption
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Not started - 146
Explain how allocation methods affect product cost and profit
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Not started - 147
Assess the uses and limitations of ABC
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Not started - 148
Use ABC information to make a supported recommendation
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Not started - 149
Understand standard costing and performance control
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Not started - 150
Choose the correct basis and interpret favourable variances
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Not started - 151
Calculate a direct-material price variance
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Not started - 152
Calculate a direct-material usage variance
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Not started - 153
Link material price and usage variances
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Not started - 154
Calculate a direct-labour rate variance
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Not started - 155
Calculate a direct-labour efficiency variance
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Not started - 156
Link labour rate and efficiency variances
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Not started - 157
Calculate a fixed-overhead expenditure variance
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Not started - 158
Calculate a fixed-overhead volume variance
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Not started - 159
Calculate a fixed-overhead capacity sub-variance
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Not started - 160
Calculate a fixed-overhead efficiency sub-variance
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Not started - 161
Calculate a direct-sales price variance
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Not started - 162
Calculate a direct-sales volume variance
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Not started - 163
Investigate linked variances and improve decisions
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Not started - 164
Explain budgetary control and its role
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Not started - 165
Build a master budget and coordinate schedules
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Not started - 166
Prepare a sales budget
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Not started - 167
Prepare a production budget
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Not started - 168
Prepare a materials-purchases budget
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Not started - 169
Prepare a labour budget
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Not started - 170
Prepare a trade-receivables budget
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Not started - 171
Prepare a trade-payables budget
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Not started - 172
Prepare a cash budget
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Not started - 173
Prepare a budgeted statement of profit or loss
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Not started - 174
Prepare a budgeted statement of financial position
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Not started - 175
Budget when a resource is a limiting factor
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Not started - 176
Compare fixed and flexible budgets
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Not started - 177
Prepare a flexible budget statement
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Not started - 178
Reconcile flexible production cost with actual cost
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Not started - 179
Reconcile flexible budgeted profit with actual profit
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Not started - 180
Assess behavioural effects of budget targets
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Not started - 181
Use budget evidence to recommend a business decision
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Not started - 182
Map the cash flows of a capital project
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Not started - 183
Calculate payback with equal annual inflows
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Not started - 184
Calculate payback with uneven cash flows
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Not started - 185
Evaluate payback as an investment method
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Not started - 186
Define accounting rate of return
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Not started - 187
Calculate ARR from project profit
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Not started - 188
- 189
Use discount factors and present values
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Not started - 190
Calculate net present value
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Not started - 191
Compare NPV and test assumptions
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Not started - 192
Understand internal rate of return
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Not started - 193
Estimate IRR by interpolation
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Not started - 194
Compare payback, ARR, NPV and IRR
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Not started - 195
Choose between mutually exclusive projects
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Not started - 196
Assess non-financial investment factors
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Not started - 197
Prepare a balanced investment recommendation
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Not started
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