Mathematics (US) 0444
Explore the topics below through clear explanations, worked examples and practice. Choose a section to begin learning.
What you'll cover
- Number
- Algebra
- Functions
- Geometry
- Transformations and vectors
- Geometrical measurement
Withdrawal notice · last assessment June 2025. Exam entry is limited to the published years through this final series; confirm your centre's eligibility with Cambridge.
Mathematics (US) 0444 · historical 2025 syllabus map
2025 Version 2 · final June 2025 assessment
142 of 142 Core and Extended study entries have teaching and practice
Start the learning pathwayStudy options and assessment
191 original lessons provide 573 guided, independent and application tasks. All 142 tier entries have linked teaching foundations: 55 Core and 87 Extended entries across 87 unique numbered sections in ten areas. Extended includes Core, so the tier-entry count is not a percentage of teaching time or student mastery. This is not full programme completion: qualified mathematics-teacher review, cumulative and exam-length assessment, and reliable drawn-work review remain unfinished. Historical study of Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (US) 0444, 2025 Version 2. The final assessment was June 2025; the syllabus was available only to schools in Arizona, USA. This is not a current exam-entry option. Original self-check teaching and explained practice are not Cambridge papers, official marks or predicted grades. Linked teaching foundations do not establish full syllabus mastery. Calibrated cumulative assessment, reliable drawn-work review and qualified mathematics-teacher review remain unfinished.
The final syllabus cover supports 2025 only, June series, schools in Arizona, USA only. Cambridge withdrew 0444 after June 2025. There are no current 2026 or later exam entries supported by this course. A search title saying 2025–2027 does not change the PDF's actual cover or the withdrawal notice.
Choose your paper route
- Historical Core route · C–G intended and eligiblePaper 1 + Paper 3 · 35% + 65%
2025 rules: Paper 1 non-calculator, 1 hour, 56 marks; Paper 3 scientific calculator, 2 hours, 104 marks. All questions; external assessment. These are historical paper rules, not current entries or the 0980 assessment model.
- Historical Extended route · A*–D intendedPaper 2 + Paper 4 · 35% + 65%
2025 rules: Paper 2 non-calculator, 1 hour 30 minutes, 70 marks; Paper 4 scientific calculator, 2 hours 30 minutes, 130 marks. Eligible award grades A*–E differ from the intended A*–D target. All questions; external assessment.
Teaching links are not full programme completion. Written practice is self-checked and is not an exam-length assessment; learner drawings still need reliable human marking. Qualified mathematics-teacher approval is not recorded for this route. For a current Cambridge maths exam, select and confirm an active qualification and the relevant exam-year syllabus with your centre. Original practice does not enrol a learner or predict a grade.
View syllabus coverage
C and E are StudyForA prefixes for Core and Extended; the numeric part is the official 2025 section identifier. There are 87 numbered sections, 55 non-placeholder Core entries and 87 Extended entries. Extended-only placeholders in the Core table are not counted as Core topics. Extended contains Core; linked entries indicate teaching foundations rather than mastered content. All ten areas have linked teaching foundations; mapped entries do not establish full programme completion or specialist approval. Historical study of Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (US) 0444, 2025 Version 2. The final assessment was June 2025; the syllabus was available only to schools in Arizona, USA. This is not a current exam-entry option. Original self-check teaching and explained practice are not Cambridge papers, official marks or predicted grades. Linked teaching foundations do not establish full syllabus mastery. Calibrated cumulative assessment, reliable drawn-work review and qualified mathematics-teacher review remain unfinished.
Number
- Core · Real-number families and comparisonsC1.1
- Extended · Real-number families and comparisonsE1.1
- Core · Signed operations and order of calculationC1.2
- Extended · Signed operations and order of calculationE1.2
- Core · Factors, multiples and prime factorisationC1.3
- Extended · Factors, multiples and prime factorisationE1.3
- Core · Ratios and proportionC1.4
- Extended · Ratios and proportionE1.4
- Core · Equivalent fractions, decimals, percentages and ratiosC1.5
- Extended · Equivalent fractions, decimals, percentages and ratiosE1.5
- Core · Percentages, profit and interestC1.6
- Extended · Percentages, profit and interestE1.6
- Core · Powers, exponent laws and scientific notationC1.7
- Extended · Powers, exponent laws and scientific notationE1.7
- Core · Roots and radical expressionsC1.8
- Extended · Roots and radical expressionsE1.8
- Core · Measures, scales, money, estimation and accuracyC1.9
- Extended · Measures, scales, money, estimation and accuracyE1.9
- Core · Clocks and time intervalsC1.10
- Extended · Clocks and time intervalsE1.10
- Core · Speed, distance and timeC1.11
- Extended · Speed, distance and timeE1.11
Algebra
- Extended · Inequalities on a number lineE2.1
- Extended · Solving linear and compound inequalitiesE2.2
- Core · Creating and solving linear equationsC2.3
- Extended · Creating and solving linear equationsE2.3
- Core · Algebraic exponent rulesC2.4
- Extended · Algebraic exponent rulesE2.4
- Core · Changing the subject and rearranging expressionsC2.5
- Extended · Changing the subject and rearranging expressionsE2.5
- Core · Systems of two linear equationsC2.6
- Extended · Systems of two linear equationsE2.6
- Core · Interpreting terms, factors and coefficientsC2.7
- Extended · Interpreting terms, factors and coefficientsE2.7
- Core · Expanding and collecting termsC2.8
- Extended · Expanding and collecting termsE2.8
- Core · Factorising expressionsC2.9
- Extended · Factorising expressionsE2.9
- Extended · Algebraic fractions and excluded valuesE2.10
- Extended · Quadratic equationsE2.11
- Extended · Rational and radical equationsE2.12
- Core · Sequences and term rulesC2.13
- Extended · Sequences and term rulesE2.13
- Extended · Direct and inverse variationE2.14
Functions
- Core · Functions, notation, mappings, domain and rangeC3.1
- Extended · Functions, notation, mappings, domain and rangeE3.1
- Core · Tables, graphs and graphical solutionsC3.2
- Extended · Tables, graphs and graphical solutionsE3.2
- Core · Models of related quantities and average costC3.3
- Extended · Models of related quantities and average costE3.3
- Extended · Comparing representations of functionsE3.4
- Core · Graph features, symmetry and end behaviourC3.5
- Extended · Graph features, symmetry and end behaviourE3.5
- Core · Contextual domainsC3.6
- Extended · Contextual domainsE3.6
- Extended · Average rates and tangent estimatesE3.7
- Extended · Growth patterns and rescaled exponentsE3.8
- Extended · Constructing linear and exponential functionsE3.9
- Extended · Composite functionsE3.10
- Extended · Inverse functionsE3.11
- Core · Translations and vertical scaling of graphsC3.12
- Extended · Translations and vertical scaling of graphsE3.12
- Extended · Regions defined by linear inequalitiesE3.13
Geometry
- Core · Precise shape and angle vocabularyC4.1
- Extended · Precise shape and angle vocabularyE4.1
- Core · Geometric definitionsC4.2
- Extended · Geometric definitionsE4.2
- Core · Symmetry in shapes and solidsC4.3
- Extended · Symmetry in shapes and solidsE4.3
- Core · Angle relationships and reasoned argumentsC4.4
- Extended · Angle relationships and reasoned argumentsE4.4
- Core · Compass-and-straightedge constructions and scale drawingsC4.5Copy a supplied segment or angle with a compassBisect a segment using equal compass arcsBisect an angle with intersecting equal arcsConstruct a perpendicular through an on-line or off-line pointConstruct a regular hexagon, triangle and square in a circleConstruct a triangle's incircle from internal angle bisectorsConstruct a triangle's circumcircle from side bisectorsConstruct both tangents from an external pointMeasure angles and make accurate scale drawings
- Extended · Compass-and-straightedge constructions and scale drawingsE4.5Copy a supplied segment or angle with a compassBisect a segment using equal compass arcsBisect an angle with intersecting equal arcsConstruct a perpendicular through an on-line or off-line pointConstruct a regular hexagon, triangle and square in a circleConstruct a triangle's incircle from internal angle bisectorsConstruct a triangle's circumcircle from side bisectorsConstruct both tangents from an external pointMeasure angles and make accurate scale drawings
- Core · Circle vocabulary and relationshipsC4.6
- Extended · Circle vocabulary and relationshipsE4.6
- Core · Similarity and scale factorsC4.7
- Extended · Similarity and scale factorsE4.7
- Extended · CongruenceE4.8
Transformations and vectors
- Core · Directed segments and vector notationC5.1
- Extended · Directed segments and vector notationE5.1
- Extended · Vector components from coordinatesE5.2
- Extended · Vector magnitudeE5.3
- Extended · Vector addition and subtractionE5.4
- Extended · Scalar multiples of vectorsE5.5
- Core · Plane transformationsC5.6Translate every vertex using one column vectorReflect in a mirror line using equal perpendicular distancesReflect in diagonal mirrors without losing signsRotate about the origin and specify the turn directionRotate around a stated center by shifting the coordinatesEnlarge or reduce from a center using a stated scale factor
- Extended · Plane transformationsE5.6Translate every vertex using one column vectorReflect in a mirror line using equal perpendicular distancesReflect in diagonal mirrors without losing signsRotate about the origin and specify the turn directionRotate around a stated center by shifting the coordinatesEnlarge or reduce from a center using a stated scale factorStretch in one direction while keeping an invariant line
- Extended · Inverse transformationsE5.7
- Extended · Composing and replacing transformationsE5.8
Geometrical measurement
- Core · Metric units and dimensional conversionsC6.1
- Extended · Metric units and dimensional conversionsE6.1
- Core · Perimeter and plane areasC6.2
- Extended · Perimeter and plane areasE6.2
- Core · Circles, arcs and sectorsC6.3
- Extended · Circles, arcs and sectorsE6.3
- Core · Surface areas and volumesC6.4
- Extended · Surface areas and volumesE6.4Calculate prism volume from a constant cross-sectional areaAdd prism faces and remove only the faces that are absentUse circular base area for cylinder volume and capacityUnroll a cylinder and count its circular endsCalculate sphere area and volume with dimensional checksDistinguish pyramid volume height from sloping face heightsUse cone height for volume and slant height for curved area
- Extended · Compound shapes and solidsE6.5
- Core · Geometric models of physical objectsC6.6
- Extended · Geometric models of physical objectsE6.6
- Extended · Cross-sections and solids of revolutionE6.7
- Extended · Area and volume densityE6.8
- Extended · Geometric design constraintsE6.9
Coordinate geometry
- Core · Cartesian coordinatesC7.1
- Extended · Cartesian coordinatesE7.1
- Core · Distances between pointsC7.2
- Extended · Distances between pointsE7.2
- Core · MidpointsC7.3
- Extended · Midpoints and directed ratio divisionE7.3
- Core · Slope of a segmentC7.4
- Extended · Slope of a segmentE7.4
- Core · Straight-line equationsC7.5
- Extended · Straight-line equationsE7.5
- Core · Parallel linesC7.6
- Extended · Parallel and perpendicular linesE7.6
Trigonometry
- Core · Right triangles, bearings, elevation and depressionC8.1Use Pythagoras and verify the right-angle conditionChoose sine, cosine and tangent relative to the named angleRearrange a trigonometric ratio to find a sideUse inverse ratios and check the angle units and rangeMeasure bearings clockwise from North and choose the quadrantMeasure elevation and depression from the horizontal and include eye height
- Extended · Right triangles, bearings, elevation and depressionE8.1Use Pythagoras and verify the right-angle conditionChoose sine, cosine and tangent relative to the named angleRearrange a trigonometric ratio to find a sideUse inverse ratios and check the angle units and rangeMeasure bearings clockwise from North and choose the quadrantMeasure elevation and depression from the horizontal and include eye heightDerive exact special-angle ratios and handle 0° and 90°
- Extended · Trigonometric values over a full turnE8.2
- Extended · The sine ruleE8.3
- Extended · The cosine ruleE8.4
- Extended · Area from two sides and an included angleE8.5
Probability
- Core · Probability, events, complements and fair decisionsC9.1
- Extended · Probability, events, complements and fair decisionsE9.1
- Core · Relative frequency and model consistencyC9.2
- Extended · Relative frequency and model consistencyE9.2
- Core · Expected occurrencesC9.3
- Extended · Expected occurrencesE9.3
- Extended · Addition, multiplication and independenceE9.4
- Core · Possibility diagrams and successive selectionC9.5
- Extended · Possibility diagrams and successive selectionE9.5Build a possibility diagram and count ordered outcomesRead a two-selection tree with replacementUpdate a tree after selection without replacementUse a complement for at least one and compare selection rulesRestrict the sample space when a previous outcome is knownTrack three selections and collect all valid ordersUse weighted paths to interpret a later outcomeRecover missing probabilities and retain every valid model
Statistics
- Core · Interpreting statistical evidenceC10.1
- Extended · Interpreting statistical evidenceE10.1
- Core · Discrete and continuous dataC10.2
- Extended · Discrete and continuous dataE10.2
- Core · Statistical charts and distributionsC10.3Read and construct a discrete frequency distributionRead component counts and totals in a compound bar chartRead individual observations and repeated values in a dot plotRead a line graph with correctly spaced time inputsConvert frequencies to pie-chart angles and backPlot paired data without mixing the observations
- Extended · Statistical charts and distributionsE10.3Read and construct a discrete frequency distributionRead component counts and totals in a compound bar chartRead individual observations and repeated values in a dot plotRead a line graph with correctly spaced time inputsConvert frequencies to pie-chart angles and backPlot paired data without mixing the observations
- Core · Measures of centre and rangeC10.4
- Extended · Measures of centre and rangeE10.4Calculate a mean using every observation and its frequencyOrder data for the median and identify repeated modesInterpret range and choose a useful measure of centerCombine group means using their observation countsFind missing values and update a mean after a changeEstimate a grouped mean using class midpointsLocate a grouped median and modal class without inventing exact values
- Extended · Histograms with unequal class widthsE10.5
- Extended · Cumulative frequency, box plots and percentilesE10.6
- Extended · Comparing distributions and outliersE10.7
- Core · Correlation and best-fit lines through the mean pointC10.8
- Extended · Correlation and best-fit lines through the mean pointE10.8
Quality gap
- Qualified mathematics-teacher content and tier review0444-SPECIALIST-REVIEW · Assessment limitation, not a syllabus sectionTeacher, centre, or specialist assessment required
Assessment depth gap
- Calibrated cumulative and exam-length practice0444-CUMULATIVE-ASSESSMENT · Assessment limitation, not a syllabus sectionTeacher, centre, or specialist assessment required
Assessment gap
- Reliable review of learner-drawn graphs and constructions0444-DRAWN-WORK-REVIEW · Assessment limitation, not a syllabus sectionTeacher, centre, or specialist assessment required
Practice the papers
Practice the papers
- Historical Core · non-calculatorPaper 1 · 103 lessonsRecognise real-number families and compare valuesCalculate with signs, fractions, decimals and parenthesesUse prime factors to find GCF and LCMSimplify ratios, share totals and scale proportionsConvert fractions, decimals, percentages and ratiosCalculate percentage changes, profit and interestUse integer exponent laws and explain root exponentsConvert and calculate in scientific notationCalculate square and cube roots in contextChoose units and use scale factors consistentlyCalculate prices, change and currency conversionsRound to an appropriate accuracy and estimate to checkConvert clocks and calculate time intervalsCalculate speeds and average a whole journeyConstruct linear equations and justify each stepSimplify algebraic powers with integer exponentsRearrange and evaluate simple formulasSolve two linear equations by elimination or substitutionIdentify terms, factors and coefficientsExpand simple parentheses and collect like termsFactorise by taking out a common factorBuild arithmetic and geometric sequence rulesFunctions, mappings, domain and rangeDraw linear, quadratic and reciprocal graphs from tablesRead intercepts, signs, symmetry and end behaviourModel related quantities and choose a meaningful domainTransform f(x) + k, kf(x) and f(x + k)Define angles, triangles and quadrilaterals preciselyRecognise prisms, pyramids and curved solidsDefine lines, segments, angles and circlesFind reflections and rotations that preserve a shapeUse straight, intersecting and parallel-line angle reasonsReason with triangle and polygon interior and exterior anglesCopy a supplied segment or angle with a compassBisect a segment using equal compass arcsBisect an angle with intersecting equal arcsConstruct a perpendicular through an on-line or off-line pointConstruct a regular hexagon, triangle and square in a circleConstruct a triangle's incircle from internal angle bisectorsConstruct a triangle's circumcircle from side bisectorsConstruct both tangents from an external pointMeasure angles and make accurate scale drawingsUse circle vocabulary, tangent radii and semicircle anglesMatch corresponding lengths in similar figuresRead directed segments and column-vector componentsTranslate every vertex using one column vectorReflect in a mirror line using equal perpendicular distancesReflect in diagonal mirrors without losing signsRotate about the origin and specify the turn directionRotate around a stated center by shifting the coordinatesEnlarge or reduce from a center using a stated scale factorConvert metric lengths, masses and time without mixing quantitiesConvert square units and hectares using area factorsConvert cubic units and liquid capacity consistentlyCalculate rectangle and triangle areas with perpendicular heightsUse perpendicular height for parallelograms and trapezoidsFind compound area and follow only the exposed boundaryCalculate circumference and area from the correct radiusUse a degree fraction for arc length and sector areaCalculate prism volume from a constant cross-sectional areaAdd prism faces and remove only the faces that are absentUse circular base area for cylinder volume and capacityUnroll a cylinder and count its circular endsCalculate sphere area and volume with dimensional checksChoose a geometric model and state what it leaves outPlot and read ordered pairs using the numbered axesFind straight distances using the right triangle in a diagramLocate a midpoint by halving both coordinate changesCalculate slope and distinguish zero from undefinedRead y = mx + b and check the intercept casesFind a line equation and test it against all given pointsFind parallel lines and distinguish coincident linesUse Pythagoras and verify the right-angle conditionChoose sine, cosine and tangent relative to the named angleRearrange a trigonometric ratio to find a sideUse inverse ratios and check the angle units and rangeMeasure bearings clockwise from North and choose the quadrantMeasure elevation and depression from the horizontal and include eye heightInterpret probability and find the complementary eventDescribe outcomes and “or”, “and” and “not” eventsDesign and assess a fair random decisionEstimate probability from experimental relative frequencyCompare observed results with a probability modelCalculate expected occurrences and interpret a fractional countBuild a possibility diagram and count ordered outcomesRead a two-selection tree with replacementUpdate a tree after selection without replacementUse a complement for at least one and compare selection rulesRead data with its units, population and limitationsDistinguish discrete counts from continuous measurementsRead and construct a discrete frequency distributionRead component counts and totals in a compound bar chartRead individual observations and repeated values in a dot plotRead a line graph with correctly spaced time inputsConvert frequencies to pie-chart angles and backCalculate a mean using every observation and its frequencyOrder data for the median and identify repeated modesInterpret range and choose a useful measure of centerCombine group means using their observation countsFind missing values and update a mean after a changePlot paired data without mixing the observationsDescribe correlation and avoid a causal conclusionDraw a best-fit line through the mean point and use estimates carefully
1 hour · 56 marks · 35%. These linked topic lessons are a partial self-check pathway, not a complete Paper 1 or timed mock. Some lessons include calculator-dependent exercises; use the calculator paper for those numerical tasks. The topic links are not a calibrated non-calculator question bank.
- Historical Core · calculatorPaper 3 · 103 lessonsRecognise real-number families and compare valuesCalculate with signs, fractions, decimals and parenthesesUse prime factors to find GCF and LCMSimplify ratios, share totals and scale proportionsConvert fractions, decimals, percentages and ratiosCalculate percentage changes, profit and interestUse integer exponent laws and explain root exponentsConvert and calculate in scientific notationCalculate square and cube roots in contextChoose units and use scale factors consistentlyCalculate prices, change and currency conversionsRound to an appropriate accuracy and estimate to checkConvert clocks and calculate time intervalsCalculate speeds and average a whole journeyConstruct linear equations and justify each stepSimplify algebraic powers with integer exponentsRearrange and evaluate simple formulasSolve two linear equations by elimination or substitutionIdentify terms, factors and coefficientsExpand simple parentheses and collect like termsFactorise by taking out a common factorBuild arithmetic and geometric sequence rulesFunctions, mappings, domain and rangeDraw linear, quadratic and reciprocal graphs from tablesRead intercepts, signs, symmetry and end behaviourModel related quantities and choose a meaningful domainTransform f(x) + k, kf(x) and f(x + k)Define angles, triangles and quadrilaterals preciselyRecognise prisms, pyramids and curved solidsDefine lines, segments, angles and circlesFind reflections and rotations that preserve a shapeUse straight, intersecting and parallel-line angle reasonsReason with triangle and polygon interior and exterior anglesCopy a supplied segment or angle with a compassBisect a segment using equal compass arcsBisect an angle with intersecting equal arcsConstruct a perpendicular through an on-line or off-line pointConstruct a regular hexagon, triangle and square in a circleConstruct a triangle's incircle from internal angle bisectorsConstruct a triangle's circumcircle from side bisectorsConstruct both tangents from an external pointMeasure angles and make accurate scale drawingsUse circle vocabulary, tangent radii and semicircle anglesMatch corresponding lengths in similar figuresRead directed segments and column-vector componentsTranslate every vertex using one column vectorReflect in a mirror line using equal perpendicular distancesReflect in diagonal mirrors without losing signsRotate about the origin and specify the turn directionRotate around a stated center by shifting the coordinatesEnlarge or reduce from a center using a stated scale factorConvert metric lengths, masses and time without mixing quantitiesConvert square units and hectares using area factorsConvert cubic units and liquid capacity consistentlyCalculate rectangle and triangle areas with perpendicular heightsUse perpendicular height for parallelograms and trapezoidsFind compound area and follow only the exposed boundaryCalculate circumference and area from the correct radiusUse a degree fraction for arc length and sector areaCalculate prism volume from a constant cross-sectional areaAdd prism faces and remove only the faces that are absentUse circular base area for cylinder volume and capacityUnroll a cylinder and count its circular endsCalculate sphere area and volume with dimensional checksChoose a geometric model and state what it leaves outPlot and read ordered pairs using the numbered axesFind straight distances using the right triangle in a diagramLocate a midpoint by halving both coordinate changesCalculate slope and distinguish zero from undefinedRead y = mx + b and check the intercept casesFind a line equation and test it against all given pointsFind parallel lines and distinguish coincident linesUse Pythagoras and verify the right-angle conditionChoose sine, cosine and tangent relative to the named angleRearrange a trigonometric ratio to find a sideUse inverse ratios and check the angle units and rangeMeasure bearings clockwise from North and choose the quadrantMeasure elevation and depression from the horizontal and include eye heightInterpret probability and find the complementary eventDescribe outcomes and “or”, “and” and “not” eventsDesign and assess a fair random decisionEstimate probability from experimental relative frequencyCompare observed results with a probability modelCalculate expected occurrences and interpret a fractional countBuild a possibility diagram and count ordered outcomesRead a two-selection tree with replacementUpdate a tree after selection without replacementUse a complement for at least one and compare selection rulesRead data with its units, population and limitationsDistinguish discrete counts from continuous measurementsRead and construct a discrete frequency distributionRead component counts and totals in a compound bar chartRead individual observations and repeated values in a dot plotRead a line graph with correctly spaced time inputsConvert frequencies to pie-chart angles and backCalculate a mean using every observation and its frequencyOrder data for the median and identify repeated modesInterpret range and choose a useful measure of centerCombine group means using their observation countsFind missing values and update a mean after a changePlot paired data without mixing the observationsDescribe correlation and avoid a causal conclusionDraw a best-fit line through the mean point and use estimates carefully
2 hours · 104 marks · 65%. A scientific calculator was required. Linked topic teaching is available; calibrated paper practice and qualified review remain unfinished.
- Historical Extended · non-calculatorPaper 2 · 191 lessonsRecognise real-number families and compare valuesExplain rational and irrational sums and productsCalculate with signs, fractions, decimals and parenthesesUse prime factors to find GCF and LCMSimplify ratios, share totals and scale proportionsConvert fractions, decimals, percentages and ratiosCalculate percentage changes, profit and interestRecover an original amount and interpret percentilesUse integer exponent laws and explain root exponentsConvert and calculate in scientific notationCalculate fractional powers and solve simple power equationsCalculate square and cube roots in contextSimplify radicals and rationalise a denominatorChoose units and use scale factors consistentlyCalculate prices, change and currency conversionsRound to an appropriate accuracy and estimate to checkConvert clocks and calculate time intervalsCalculate speeds and average a whole journeyConstruct linear equations and justify each stepSimplify algebraic powers with integer exponentsRearrange and evaluate simple formulasSolve two linear equations by elimination or substitutionIdentify terms, factors and coefficientsExpand simple parentheses and collect like termsFactorise by taking out a common factorSolve and show linear and compound inequalitiesSimplify algebraic expressions with fractional exponentsRearrange repeated subjects and establish identitiesSolve and interpret linear systems graphicallyInterpret algebraic structure in a growth modelExpand two brackets and the square of a binomialFactorise quadratics, differences of squares and four termsSimplify and calculate algebraic fractionsSolve quadratics by inspection, factorisation or formulaComplete the square and interpret a quadratic modelModel direct and inverse variation with powers and rootsSolve rational and radical equations without extraneous rootsBuild arithmetic and geometric sequence rulesUse second differences and derive a finite geometric sumFunctions, mappings, domain and rangeDraw linear, quadratic and reciprocal graphs from tablesRead intercepts, signs, symmetry and end behaviourGraph cubic, reciprocal-square and exponential functionsRead amplitude and period from trigonometric graphsModel related quantities and choose a meaningful domainCompare properties across graphs, tables, rules and descriptionsCalculate average change and estimate a tangent slopeDistinguish growth patterns and interpret rescaled timeConstruct linear and exponential models from dataCompose functions in the stated orderReverse an invertible function and exchange domain with rangeTransform f(x) + k, kf(x) and f(x + k)Draw the intersection of linear inequality regionsDefine angles, triangles and quadrilaterals preciselyRecognise prisms, pyramids and curved solidsDefine lines, segments, angles and circlesFind reflections and rotations that preserve a shapeRecognise symmetry planes and rotation axes of solidsUse straight, intersecting and parallel-line angle reasonsReason with triangle and polygon interior and exterior anglesCopy a supplied segment or angle with a compassBisect a segment using equal compass arcsBisect an angle with intersecting equal arcsConstruct a perpendicular through an on-line or off-line pointConstruct a regular hexagon, triangle and square in a circleConstruct a triangle's incircle from internal angle bisectorsConstruct a triangle's circumcircle from side bisectorsConstruct both tangents from an external pointMeasure angles and make accurate scale drawingsUse circle vocabulary, tangent radii and semicircle anglesChoose the correct arc for center and circumference anglesUse chord symmetry and equal external tangentsMatch corresponding lengths in similar figuresSquare and cube the length factor for similar areas and volumesRecognise congruence and use corresponding sides and anglesRead directed segments and column-vector componentsTranslate every vertex using one column vectorReflect in a mirror line using equal perpendicular distancesReflect in diagonal mirrors without losing signsRotate about the origin and specify the turn directionRotate around a stated center by shifting the coordinatesEnlarge or reduce from a center using a stated scale factorFind vector components from initial and terminal coordinatesUse vector letters and calculate a non-negative magnitudeAdd vectors by components and a parallelogramSubtract a vector by adding its oppositeScale a vector and handle sign and zeroUse position vectors to locate points and connecting arrowsStretch in one direction while keeping an invariant lineUndo a translation, reflection or rotationInvert non-zero scales and recognise a collapseApply transformations in order and reverse an inverse sequenceReplace suitable compositions by one transformationConvert metric lengths, masses and time without mixing quantitiesConvert square units and hectares using area factorsConvert cubic units and liquid capacity consistentlyCalculate rectangle and triangle areas with perpendicular heightsUse perpendicular height for parallelograms and trapezoidsFind compound area and follow only the exposed boundaryCalculate circumference and area from the correct radiusUse a degree fraction for arc length and sector areaReverse sector data and measure annular sector boundariesCalculate prism volume from a constant cross-sectional areaAdd prism faces and remove only the faces that are absentUse circular base area for cylinder volume and capacityUnroll a cylinder and count its circular endsCalculate sphere area and volume with dimensional checksDistinguish pyramid volume height from sloping face heightsUse cone height for volume and slant height for curved areaAdd compound volumes and omit internal joining facesSubtract holes from volume and include their exposed wallsChoose a geometric model and state what it leaves outIdentify a solid cross section from the cutting planeIdentify the region and axis before generating a solidInterpret density per area or volume and preserve its unitsCompare designs using capacity, material and cost constraintsDesign a page grid with ratios, margins and guttersPlot and read ordered pairs using the numbered axesFind straight distances using the right triangle in a diagramLocate a midpoint by halving both coordinate changesCalculate slope and distinguish zero from undefinedRead y = mx + b and check the intercept casesFind a line equation and test it against all given pointsFind parallel lines and distinguish coincident linesUse coordinate differences for exact distances without a supplied diagramFind polygon perimeters and triangle areas from coordinatesDivide a directed segment in the stated internal ratioUse integer-coefficient line equations and check exceptional casesFind perpendicular lines with the correct zero-slope exceptionsVerify right angles and measures using slopes and distancesUse Pythagoras and verify the right-angle conditionChoose sine, cosine and tangent relative to the named angleRearrange a trigonometric ratio to find a sideUse inverse ratios and check the angle units and rangeMeasure bearings clockwise from North and choose the quadrantMeasure elevation and depression from the horizontal and include eye heightDerive exact special-angle ratios and handle 0° and 90°Use a reference angle and quadrant for a full turnRelate complementary angles without swapping the wrong valuesRead sine and cosine graphs, amplitudes and periodsRead tangent branches and keep the undefined inputs excludedUse the sine rule with correctly matched opposite pairsFind both SSA angle candidates and validate each triangleDistinguish zero, one and two triangles in SSA dataUse the cosine rule with the included angle and correct signFind an angle from three sides after checking triangle inequalitiesUse two sides and their included angle for triangle areaCheck the area bound and find both possible included anglesInterpret probability and find the complementary eventDescribe outcomes and “or”, “and” and “not” eventsDesign and assess a fair random decisionEstimate probability from experimental relative frequencyCompare observed results with a probability modelCalculate expected occurrences and interpret a fractional countBuild a possibility diagram and count ordered outcomesRead a two-selection tree with replacementUpdate a tree after selection without replacementUse a complement for at least one and compare selection rulesCombine overlapping events without counting the overlap twiceMultiply marginal probabilities only when events are independentTest independence using a two-way frequency tableDistinguish mutually exclusive events from independent eventsRestrict the sample space when a previous outcome is knownTrack three selections and collect all valid ordersUse weighted paths to interpret a later outcomeRecover missing probabilities and retain every valid modelRead data with its units, population and limitationsDistinguish discrete counts from continuous measurementsRead and construct a discrete frequency distributionRead component counts and totals in a compound bar chartRead individual observations and repeated values in a dot plotRead a line graph with correctly spaced time inputsConvert frequencies to pie-chart angles and backCalculate a mean using every observation and its frequencyOrder data for the median and identify repeated modesInterpret range and choose a useful measure of centerCombine group means using their observation countsFind missing values and update a mean after a changePlot paired data without mixing the observationsDescribe correlation and avoid a causal conclusionDraw a best-fit line through the mean point and use estimates carefullyEstimate a grouped mean using class midpointsLocate a grouped median and modal class without inventing exact valuesUse frequency density for unequal-width histogram classesRecover histogram frequencies and missing bar heightsAccumulate frequencies at the correct class boundariesEstimate median, quartiles and interquartile range from a cumulative curveRead a percentile or estimate the share beyond a thresholdDraw and interpret a box plot from its five-number summaryCompare distributions using center, spread and the question’s contextAssess extreme observations and the sensitivity of summary statistics
1 hour 30 minutes · 70 marks · 35%. Original explanations and practice cover only the linked portion of the syllabus. Some lessons include calculator-dependent exercises; their numerical tasks belong with calculator practice. These topic links are not a calibrated non-calculator question bank.
- Historical Extended · calculatorPaper 4 · 191 lessonsRecognise real-number families and compare valuesExplain rational and irrational sums and productsCalculate with signs, fractions, decimals and parenthesesUse prime factors to find GCF and LCMSimplify ratios, share totals and scale proportionsConvert fractions, decimals, percentages and ratiosCalculate percentage changes, profit and interestRecover an original amount and interpret percentilesUse integer exponent laws and explain root exponentsConvert and calculate in scientific notationCalculate fractional powers and solve simple power equationsCalculate square and cube roots in contextSimplify radicals and rationalise a denominatorChoose units and use scale factors consistentlyCalculate prices, change and currency conversionsRound to an appropriate accuracy and estimate to checkConvert clocks and calculate time intervalsCalculate speeds and average a whole journeyConstruct linear equations and justify each stepSimplify algebraic powers with integer exponentsRearrange and evaluate simple formulasSolve two linear equations by elimination or substitutionIdentify terms, factors and coefficientsExpand simple parentheses and collect like termsFactorise by taking out a common factorSolve and show linear and compound inequalitiesSimplify algebraic expressions with fractional exponentsRearrange repeated subjects and establish identitiesSolve and interpret linear systems graphicallyInterpret algebraic structure in a growth modelExpand two brackets and the square of a binomialFactorise quadratics, differences of squares and four termsSimplify and calculate algebraic fractionsSolve quadratics by inspection, factorisation or formulaComplete the square and interpret a quadratic modelModel direct and inverse variation with powers and rootsSolve rational and radical equations without extraneous rootsBuild arithmetic and geometric sequence rulesUse second differences and derive a finite geometric sumFunctions, mappings, domain and rangeDraw linear, quadratic and reciprocal graphs from tablesRead intercepts, signs, symmetry and end behaviourGraph cubic, reciprocal-square and exponential functionsRead amplitude and period from trigonometric graphsModel related quantities and choose a meaningful domainCompare properties across graphs, tables, rules and descriptionsCalculate average change and estimate a tangent slopeDistinguish growth patterns and interpret rescaled timeConstruct linear and exponential models from dataCompose functions in the stated orderReverse an invertible function and exchange domain with rangeTransform f(x) + k, kf(x) and f(x + k)Draw the intersection of linear inequality regionsDefine angles, triangles and quadrilaterals preciselyRecognise prisms, pyramids and curved solidsDefine lines, segments, angles and circlesFind reflections and rotations that preserve a shapeRecognise symmetry planes and rotation axes of solidsUse straight, intersecting and parallel-line angle reasonsReason with triangle and polygon interior and exterior anglesCopy a supplied segment or angle with a compassBisect a segment using equal compass arcsBisect an angle with intersecting equal arcsConstruct a perpendicular through an on-line or off-line pointConstruct a regular hexagon, triangle and square in a circleConstruct a triangle's incircle from internal angle bisectorsConstruct a triangle's circumcircle from side bisectorsConstruct both tangents from an external pointMeasure angles and make accurate scale drawingsUse circle vocabulary, tangent radii and semicircle anglesChoose the correct arc for center and circumference anglesUse chord symmetry and equal external tangentsMatch corresponding lengths in similar figuresSquare and cube the length factor for similar areas and volumesRecognise congruence and use corresponding sides and anglesRead directed segments and column-vector componentsTranslate every vertex using one column vectorReflect in a mirror line using equal perpendicular distancesReflect in diagonal mirrors without losing signsRotate about the origin and specify the turn directionRotate around a stated center by shifting the coordinatesEnlarge or reduce from a center using a stated scale factorFind vector components from initial and terminal coordinatesUse vector letters and calculate a non-negative magnitudeAdd vectors by components and a parallelogramSubtract a vector by adding its oppositeScale a vector and handle sign and zeroUse position vectors to locate points and connecting arrowsStretch in one direction while keeping an invariant lineUndo a translation, reflection or rotationInvert non-zero scales and recognise a collapseApply transformations in order and reverse an inverse sequenceReplace suitable compositions by one transformationConvert metric lengths, masses and time without mixing quantitiesConvert square units and hectares using area factorsConvert cubic units and liquid capacity consistentlyCalculate rectangle and triangle areas with perpendicular heightsUse perpendicular height for parallelograms and trapezoidsFind compound area and follow only the exposed boundaryCalculate circumference and area from the correct radiusUse a degree fraction for arc length and sector areaReverse sector data and measure annular sector boundariesCalculate prism volume from a constant cross-sectional areaAdd prism faces and remove only the faces that are absentUse circular base area for cylinder volume and capacityUnroll a cylinder and count its circular endsCalculate sphere area and volume with dimensional checksDistinguish pyramid volume height from sloping face heightsUse cone height for volume and slant height for curved areaAdd compound volumes and omit internal joining facesSubtract holes from volume and include their exposed wallsChoose a geometric model and state what it leaves outIdentify a solid cross section from the cutting planeIdentify the region and axis before generating a solidInterpret density per area or volume and preserve its unitsCompare designs using capacity, material and cost constraintsDesign a page grid with ratios, margins and guttersPlot and read ordered pairs using the numbered axesFind straight distances using the right triangle in a diagramLocate a midpoint by halving both coordinate changesCalculate slope and distinguish zero from undefinedRead y = mx + b and check the intercept casesFind a line equation and test it against all given pointsFind parallel lines and distinguish coincident linesUse coordinate differences for exact distances without a supplied diagramFind polygon perimeters and triangle areas from coordinatesDivide a directed segment in the stated internal ratioUse integer-coefficient line equations and check exceptional casesFind perpendicular lines with the correct zero-slope exceptionsVerify right angles and measures using slopes and distancesUse Pythagoras and verify the right-angle conditionChoose sine, cosine and tangent relative to the named angleRearrange a trigonometric ratio to find a sideUse inverse ratios and check the angle units and rangeMeasure bearings clockwise from North and choose the quadrantMeasure elevation and depression from the horizontal and include eye heightDerive exact special-angle ratios and handle 0° and 90°Use a reference angle and quadrant for a full turnRelate complementary angles without swapping the wrong valuesRead sine and cosine graphs, amplitudes and periodsRead tangent branches and keep the undefined inputs excludedUse the sine rule with correctly matched opposite pairsFind both SSA angle candidates and validate each triangleDistinguish zero, one and two triangles in SSA dataUse the cosine rule with the included angle and correct signFind an angle from three sides after checking triangle inequalitiesUse two sides and their included angle for triangle areaCheck the area bound and find both possible included anglesInterpret probability and find the complementary eventDescribe outcomes and “or”, “and” and “not” eventsDesign and assess a fair random decisionEstimate probability from experimental relative frequencyCompare observed results with a probability modelCalculate expected occurrences and interpret a fractional countBuild a possibility diagram and count ordered outcomesRead a two-selection tree with replacementUpdate a tree after selection without replacementUse a complement for at least one and compare selection rulesCombine overlapping events without counting the overlap twiceMultiply marginal probabilities only when events are independentTest independence using a two-way frequency tableDistinguish mutually exclusive events from independent eventsRestrict the sample space when a previous outcome is knownTrack three selections and collect all valid ordersUse weighted paths to interpret a later outcomeRecover missing probabilities and retain every valid modelRead data with its units, population and limitationsDistinguish discrete counts from continuous measurementsRead and construct a discrete frequency distributionRead component counts and totals in a compound bar chartRead individual observations and repeated values in a dot plotRead a line graph with correctly spaced time inputsConvert frequencies to pie-chart angles and backCalculate a mean using every observation and its frequencyOrder data for the median and identify repeated modesInterpret range and choose a useful measure of centerCombine group means using their observation countsFind missing values and update a mean after a changePlot paired data without mixing the observationsDescribe correlation and avoid a causal conclusionDraw a best-fit line through the mean point and use estimates carefullyEstimate a grouped mean using class midpointsLocate a grouped median and modal class without inventing exact valuesUse frequency density for unequal-width histogram classesRecover histogram frequencies and missing bar heightsAccumulate frequencies at the correct class boundariesEstimate median, quartiles and interquartile range from a cumulative curveRead a percentile or estimate the share beyond a thresholdDraw and interpret a box plot from its five-number summaryCompare distributions using center, spread and the question’s contextAssess extreme observations and the sensitivity of summary statistics
2 hours 30 minutes · 130 marks · 65%. A scientific calculator was required; original lesson tasks are not an official paper or grade.
Lessons and worked examples
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- 01
Recognise real-number families and compare values
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Not started - 02
Explain rational and irrational sums and products
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Not started - 03
Calculate with signs, fractions, decimals and parentheses
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Not started - 04
Use prime factors to find GCF and LCM
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Not started - 05
Simplify ratios, share totals and scale proportions
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Not started - 06
Convert fractions, decimals, percentages and ratios
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Not started - 07
Calculate percentage changes, profit and interest
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Not started - 08
Recover an original amount and interpret percentiles
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Not started - 09
Use integer exponent laws and explain root exponents
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Not started - 10
Convert and calculate in scientific notation
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Not started - 11
Calculate fractional powers and solve simple power equations
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Not started - 12
Calculate square and cube roots in context
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Not started - 13
Simplify radicals and rationalise a denominator
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Not started - 14
Choose units and use scale factors consistently
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Not started - 15
Calculate prices, change and currency conversions
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Not started - 16
Round to an appropriate accuracy and estimate to check
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Not started - 17
Convert clocks and calculate time intervals
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Not started - 18
Calculate speeds and average a whole journey
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Not started - 19
Construct linear equations and justify each step
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Not started - 20
Simplify algebraic powers with integer exponents
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Not started - 21
Rearrange and evaluate simple formulas
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Not started - 22
Solve two linear equations by elimination or substitution
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Not started - 23
Identify terms, factors and coefficients
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Not started - 24
Expand simple parentheses and collect like terms
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Not started - 25
Factorise by taking out a common factor
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Not started - 26
Solve and show linear and compound inequalities
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Not started - 27
Simplify algebraic expressions with fractional exponents
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Not started - 28
Rearrange repeated subjects and establish identities
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Not started - 29
Solve and interpret linear systems graphically
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Not started - 30
Interpret algebraic structure in a growth model
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Not started - 31
Expand two brackets and the square of a binomial
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Not started - 32
Factorise quadratics, differences of squares and four terms
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Not started - 33
Simplify and calculate algebraic fractions
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Not started - 34
Solve quadratics by inspection, factorisation or formula
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Not started - 35
Complete the square and interpret a quadratic model
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Not started - 36
Model direct and inverse variation with powers and roots
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Not started - 37
Solve rational and radical equations without extraneous roots
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Not started - 38
Build arithmetic and geometric sequence rules
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Not started - 39
Use second differences and derive a finite geometric sum
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Not started - 40
Functions, mappings, domain and range
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Not started - 41
Draw linear, quadratic and reciprocal graphs from tables
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Not started - 42
Read intercepts, signs, symmetry and end behaviour
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Not started - 43
Graph cubic, reciprocal-square and exponential functions
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Not started - 44
Read amplitude and period from trigonometric graphs
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Not started - 45
Model related quantities and choose a meaningful domain
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Not started - 46
Compare properties across graphs, tables, rules and descriptions
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Not started - 47
Calculate average change and estimate a tangent slope
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Not started - 48
Distinguish growth patterns and interpret rescaled time
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Not started - 49
Construct linear and exponential models from data
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Not started - 50
Compose functions in the stated order
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Not started - 51
Reverse an invertible function and exchange domain with range
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Not started - 52
Transform f(x) + k, kf(x) and f(x + k)
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Not started - 53
Draw the intersection of linear inequality regions
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Not started - 54
Define angles, triangles and quadrilaterals precisely
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Not started - 55
Recognise prisms, pyramids and curved solids
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Not started - 56
Define lines, segments, angles and circles
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Not started - 57
Find reflections and rotations that preserve a shape
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Not started - 58
Recognise symmetry planes and rotation axes of solids
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Not started - 59
Use straight, intersecting and parallel-line angle reasons
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Not started - 60
Reason with triangle and polygon interior and exterior angles
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Not started - 61
Copy a supplied segment or angle with a compass
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Not started - 62
Bisect a segment using equal compass arcs
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Not started - 63
Bisect an angle with intersecting equal arcs
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Not started - 64
Construct a perpendicular through an on-line or off-line point
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Not started - 65
Construct a regular hexagon, triangle and square in a circle
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Not started - 66
Construct a triangle's incircle from internal angle bisectors
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Not started - 67
Construct a triangle's circumcircle from side bisectors
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Not started - 68
Construct both tangents from an external point
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Not started - 69
Measure angles and make accurate scale drawings
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Not started - 70
Use circle vocabulary, tangent radii and semicircle angles
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Not started - 71
Choose the correct arc for center and circumference angles
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Not started - 72
Use chord symmetry and equal external tangents
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Not started - 73
Match corresponding lengths in similar figures
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Not started - 74
Square and cube the length factor for similar areas and volumes
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Not started - 75
Recognise congruence and use corresponding sides and angles
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Not started - 76
Read directed segments and column-vector components
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Not started - 77
Translate every vertex using one column vector
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Not started - 78
Reflect in a mirror line using equal perpendicular distances
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Not started - 79
Reflect in diagonal mirrors without losing signs
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Not started - 80
Rotate about the origin and specify the turn direction
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Not started - 81
Rotate around a stated center by shifting the coordinates
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Not started - 82
Enlarge or reduce from a center using a stated scale factor
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Not started - 83
Find vector components from initial and terminal coordinates
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Not started - 84
Use vector letters and calculate a non-negative magnitude
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Not started - 85
Add vectors by components and a parallelogram
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Not started - 86
Subtract a vector by adding its opposite
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Not started - 87
Scale a vector and handle sign and zero
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Not started - 88
Use position vectors to locate points and connecting arrows
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Not started - 89
Stretch in one direction while keeping an invariant line
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Not started - 90
Undo a translation, reflection or rotation
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Not started - 91
Invert non-zero scales and recognise a collapse
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Not started - 92
Apply transformations in order and reverse an inverse sequence
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Not started - 93
Replace suitable compositions by one transformation
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Not started - 94
Convert metric lengths, masses and time without mixing quantities
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Not started - 95
Convert square units and hectares using area factors
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Not started - 96
Convert cubic units and liquid capacity consistently
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Not started - 97
Calculate rectangle and triangle areas with perpendicular heights
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Not started - 98
Use perpendicular height for parallelograms and trapezoids
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Not started - 99
Find compound area and follow only the exposed boundary
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Not started - 100
Calculate circumference and area from the correct radius
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Not started - 101
Use a degree fraction for arc length and sector area
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Not started - 102
Reverse sector data and measure annular sector boundaries
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Not started - 103
Calculate prism volume from a constant cross-sectional area
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Not started - 104
Add prism faces and remove only the faces that are absent
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Not started - 105
Use circular base area for cylinder volume and capacity
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Not started - 106
Unroll a cylinder and count its circular ends
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Not started - 107
Calculate sphere area and volume with dimensional checks
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Not started - 108
Distinguish pyramid volume height from sloping face heights
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Not started - 109
Use cone height for volume and slant height for curved area
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Not started - 110
Add compound volumes and omit internal joining faces
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Not started - 111
Subtract holes from volume and include their exposed walls
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Not started - 112
Choose a geometric model and state what it leaves out
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Not started - 113
Identify a solid cross section from the cutting plane
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Not started - 114
Identify the region and axis before generating a solid
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Not started - 115
Interpret density per area or volume and preserve its units
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Not started - 116
Compare designs using capacity, material and cost constraints
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Not started - 117
Design a page grid with ratios, margins and gutters
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Not started - 118
Plot and read ordered pairs using the numbered axes
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Not started - 119
Find straight distances using the right triangle in a diagram
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Not started - 120
Locate a midpoint by halving both coordinate changes
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Not started - 121
Calculate slope and distinguish zero from undefined
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Not started - 122
Read y = mx + b and check the intercept cases
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Not started - 123
Find a line equation and test it against all given points
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Not started - 124
Find parallel lines and distinguish coincident lines
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Not started - 125
Use coordinate differences for exact distances without a supplied diagram
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Not started - 126
Find polygon perimeters and triangle areas from coordinates
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Not started - 127
Divide a directed segment in the stated internal ratio
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Not started - 128
Use integer-coefficient line equations and check exceptional cases
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Not started - 129
Find perpendicular lines with the correct zero-slope exceptions
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Not started - 130
Verify right angles and measures using slopes and distances
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Not started - 131
Use Pythagoras and verify the right-angle condition
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Not started - 132
Choose sine, cosine and tangent relative to the named angle
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Not started - 133
Rearrange a trigonometric ratio to find a side
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Not started - 134
Use inverse ratios and check the angle units and range
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Not started - 135
Measure bearings clockwise from North and choose the quadrant
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Not started - 136
Measure elevation and depression from the horizontal and include eye height
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Not started - 137
Derive exact special-angle ratios and handle 0° and 90°
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Not started - 138
Use a reference angle and quadrant for a full turn
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Not started - 139
Relate complementary angles without swapping the wrong values
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Not started - 140
Read sine and cosine graphs, amplitudes and periods
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Not started - 141
Read tangent branches and keep the undefined inputs excluded
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Not started - 142
Use the sine rule with correctly matched opposite pairs
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Not started - 143
Find both SSA angle candidates and validate each triangle
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Not started - 144
Distinguish zero, one and two triangles in SSA data
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Not started - 145
Use the cosine rule with the included angle and correct sign
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Not started - 146
Find an angle from three sides after checking triangle inequalities
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Not started - 147
Use two sides and their included angle for triangle area
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Not started - 148
Check the area bound and find both possible included angles
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Not started - 149
Interpret probability and find the complementary event
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Not started - 150
Describe outcomes and “or”, “and” and “not” events
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Not started - 151
Design and assess a fair random decision
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Not started - 152
Estimate probability from experimental relative frequency
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Not started - 153
Compare observed results with a probability model
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Not started - 154
Calculate expected occurrences and interpret a fractional count
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Not started - 155
Build a possibility diagram and count ordered outcomes
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Not started - 156
Read a two-selection tree with replacement
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Not started - 157
Update a tree after selection without replacement
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Not started - 158
Use a complement for at least one and compare selection rules
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Not started - 159
Combine overlapping events without counting the overlap twice
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Not started - 160
Multiply marginal probabilities only when events are independent
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Not started - 161
Test independence using a two-way frequency table
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Not started - 162
Distinguish mutually exclusive events from independent events
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Not started - 163
Restrict the sample space when a previous outcome is known
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Not started - 164
Track three selections and collect all valid orders
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Not started - 165
Use weighted paths to interpret a later outcome
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Not started - 166
Recover missing probabilities and retain every valid model
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Not started - 167
Read data with its units, population and limitations
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Not started - 168
Distinguish discrete counts from continuous measurements
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Not started - 169
Read and construct a discrete frequency distribution
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Not started - 170
Read component counts and totals in a compound bar chart
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Not started - 171
Read individual observations and repeated values in a dot plot
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Not started - 172
Read a line graph with correctly spaced time inputs
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Not started - 173
Convert frequencies to pie-chart angles and back
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Not started - 174
Calculate a mean using every observation and its frequency
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Not started - 175
Order data for the median and identify repeated modes
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Not started - 176
Interpret range and choose a useful measure of center
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Not started - 177
Combine group means using their observation counts
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Not started - 178
Find missing values and update a mean after a change
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Not started - 179
Plot paired data without mixing the observations
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Not started - 180
Describe correlation and avoid a causal conclusion
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Not started - 181
Draw a best-fit line through the mean point and use estimates carefully
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Not started - 182
Estimate a grouped mean using class midpoints
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Not started - 183
Locate a grouped median and modal class without inventing exact values
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Not started - 184
Use frequency density for unequal-width histogram classes
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Not started - 185
Recover histogram frequencies and missing bar heights
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Not started - 186
Accumulate frequencies at the correct class boundaries
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Not started - 187
Estimate median, quartiles and interquartile range from a cumulative curve
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Not started - 188
Read a percentile or estimate the share beyond a threshold
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Not started - 189
Draw and interpret a box plot from its five-number summary
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Not started - 190
Compare distributions using center, spread and the question’s context
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Not started - 191
Assess extreme observations and the sensitivity of summary statistics
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