Physical Science 0652
Explore chemistry and physics, from particles and reactions to forces, energy, waves and electricity. Apply the ideas through scientific problems.
What you'll cover
- Chemistry
- Experimental techniques
- Atoms, elements and compounds
- Stoichiometry
- Electricity and chemistry
- Energy changes in chemical reactions
Published syllabus exam years: 2025, 2026. Confirm exam-series and centre availability with your school and Cambridge.
Your route through Physical Science 0652
2025–2026 syllabus · final series November 2026
84 of 84 sections have teaching and practice
Start the learning pathwayStudy options and assessment
This page maps the 2025–2026 Cambridge IGCSE Physical Science 0652 syllabus: 38 Chemistry sections and 46 Physics sections. Every section links to original 0620/0625 teaching or one of five new 0652 lessons, with guided, independent and transfer practice and explained answers. Cambridge limits entry to Administrative Zone 3 and identifies November 2026 as the final exam series. The section crosswalk is complete as a first coverage map; a numbered-objective and Core/Supplement audit, independent subject-teacher review and cumulative assessment are still needed. Written practice does not award a Cambridge grade. Online activities cannot demonstrate supervised laboratory competence or complete Paper 5/6.
Cambridge says 0652 is available in Administrative Zone 3 only and that November 2026 is the final series. Confirm that your centre can enter you for this exam.
Choose your paper route
- CorePapers 1 and 3, plus Paper 5 or Paper 6
Core subject content; the syllabus states that this route is eligible for grades C to G.
- ExtendedPapers 2 and 4, plus Paper 5 or Paper 6
Core and Supplement content; the syllabus states that this route is eligible for grades A* to G.
- Practical assessmentPaper 5 Practical Test or Paper 6 Alternative to Practical
Both are examined components. Online written tasks do not demonstrate practical competence.
View syllabus coverage
The official syllabus has 84 detailed sections across Chemistry and Physics. Each section links to lessons with Guided, Independent and Transfer practice. Chemistry and Physics source lessons have been cross-referenced from the related 0620 and 0625 pathways, with original lessons added for carbonates, temperature measurement, magnetisation, rapid-combustion hazards and carbon dioxide sources. The 0652-specific Core/Supplement objective audit and teacher review remain outstanding. Core candidates take Papers 1 and 3 plus Paper 5 or Paper 6 and are eligible for grades C to G. Extended candidates take Papers 2 and 4 plus Paper 5 or Paper 6 and are eligible for grades A* to G. All candidates receive one qualification grade. Paper 5 is a practical test; Paper 6 is Alternative to Practical. Written practice does not certify lab skills or predict a grade. Cambridge qualification page: https://www.cambridgeinternational.org/programmes-and-qualifications/cambridge-igcse-physical-science-0652/
Chemistry
- The particulate nature of matterC1.1
Experimental techniques
- MeasurementC2.1Choose measuring apparatus for the quantity and purposeDesign fair comparisons and evaluate measurement methodsSolution vocabulary and saturation at a stated temperatureBurette readings, titres and comparable repeatsSelect a solvent and filter an insoluble residueAcid-base titration: aliquot, burette and endpoint
- Criteria of purityC2.2Paper chromatography: separate and compare coloured solutesColourless chromatography and retention-factor calculationsSelect a solvent and filter an insoluble residueCrystallisation: concentrate, cool and recover the solidDistillation: collect a solvent and separate liquid mixturesMelting and boiling data: identify and assess purity
- Methods of purificationC2.3
Atoms, elements and compounds
- Physical and chemical changesC3.1
- Elements, compounds and mixturesC3.2
- Atomic structure and the Periodic TableC3.3
- Ionic bondsC3.4
- Molecules and covalent bondsC3.5
- MacromoleculesC3.6
- Metallic bondingC3.7
Stoichiometry
- StoichiometryC4.1Reading formulas and building a formula notebookBalancing equations and using state symbolsEmpirical ratios and ionic formulasIonic equations and spectator ionsRelative atomic, molecular and formula massesReacting masses by simple proportionsConcentration units and solution volumeMoles, molar mass and particle countsStoichiometric ratios and limiting reactantsGas volumes at room temperature and pressureSolution concentrations and titration calculationsEmpirical and molecular formulas from dataPercentage yield, composition and purity
Electricity and chemistry
- Electricity and chemistryC5.1
Energy changes in chemical reactions
- Energetics of a reactionC6.1
- Energy transferC6.2Exothermic and endothermic energy transfersEnthalpy change and activation-energy diagramsBond breaking, bond making and enthalpy estimatesHydrogen–oxygen fuel cells and useful electricityFuel cells compared with petrol enginesFossil fuels, hydrocarbons and petroleum mixturesFractional distillation: temperature and petroleum trendsPetroleum fractions: match all eight required uses
- Rate (speed) of reactionC6.3Reaction rate factors and catalystsMeasuring rates and reading reaction graphsCollision theory and activation-barrier changesEvaluating gas-volume and mass-loss rate methodsFossil fuels, hydrocarbons and petroleum mixturesFractional distillation: temperature and petroleum trendsPetroleum fractions: match all eight required usesWhen fast reactions become combustion hazards
- RedoxC6.4
Acids, bases and salts
- The characteristic properties of acids and basesC7.1
- Types of oxidesC7.2
- Preparation of saltsC7.3
- Identification of ions and gasesC7.4Carbonate and halide tests: reagent then observationNitrate, sulfate and sulfite: distinguish three similar namesWhite cation precipitates and the separate ammonium gas testColoured cation precipitates: chromium, copper and ironGas identification: six tests and six specific observationsFlame tests: six metal-ion colours and contamination limits
The Periodic Table
- The Periodic TableC8.1
- Periodic trendsC8.2
- Group propertiesC8.3
Metals
- Properties of metalsC9.1
- Reactivity seriesC9.2
- Extraction of metalsC9.3
- Uses of metalsC9.4
Air and water
- WaterC10.1
- AirC10.2Clean dry air: composition and approximate proportionsAir pollutants: connect each source with its effectReducing climate change and acid-rain emissionsPhotosynthesis: reactants, products and light energyThe greenhouse effect: absorption, emission and energy balanceEngine nitrogen oxides and catalytic-converter reactionsPhotosynthesis: balance the symbol equation and quantities
- Carbon dioxide and methaneC10.3Clean dry air: composition and approximate proportionsAir pollutants: connect each source with its effectReducing climate change and acid-rain emissionsPhotosynthesis: reactants, products and light energyThe greenhouse effect: absorption, emission and energy balanceEngine nitrogen oxides and catalytic-converter reactionsPhotosynthesis: balance the symbol equation and quantitiesFossil fuels, hydrocarbons and petroleum mixturesFractional distillation: temperature and petroleum trendsPetroleum fractions: match all eight required usesSources of carbon dioxide and methane
Carbonates
- CarbonatesC11.1Carbonate and halide tests: reagent then observationNitrate, sulfate and sulfite: distinguish three similar namesWhite cation precipitates and the separate ammonium gas testColoured cation precipitates: chromium, copper and ironGas identification: six tests and six specific observationsFlame tests: six metal-ion colours and contamination limitsCarbonates, limestone and lime
Organic chemistry
- Names of compoundsC12.1Displayed formulas: show every atom and every bondGeneral formulas, functional groups and chemical familiesSaturated and unsaturated: inspect carbon–carbon bondsStructural formulas and structural isomersHomologous series: successive members and physical trendsOrganic names and reaction products: read the complete structureFour-carbon naming: double-bond and alcohol positionsName and display esters from four-carbon starting molecules
- FuelsC12.2Clean dry air: composition and approximate proportionsAir pollutants: connect each source with its effectReducing climate change and acid-rain emissionsPhotosynthesis: reactants, products and light energyThe greenhouse effect: absorption, emission and energy balanceEngine nitrogen oxides and catalytic-converter reactionsPhotosynthesis: balance the symbol equation and quantitiesFossil fuels, hydrocarbons and petroleum mixturesFractional distillation: temperature and petroleum trendsPetroleum fractions: match all eight required uses
- Homologous seriesC12.3
- AlkanesC12.4
- AlkenesC12.5Alkenes and the aqueous bromine testCracking: smaller molecules, conditions and demandAlkene addition: bromine, hydrogen and steam productsPolymers and polyethene: many monomers, one long chainPlastics: useful properties and disposal consequencesAddition repeats: deduce the monomer and retain side groupsPolyamides and nylon: monomers, links and water lossPolyesters and PET: ester links and return to monomersProteins: amino acids and natural polyamide links
- AlcoholsC12.6
General physics
- Length and timeP1.1
- MotionP1.2Calculate speed and specify velocity directionFind whole-journey average speed including stopsPlot distance-time graphs and calculate straight gradientsRecognise changing speed on curved distance-time graphsPlot speed-time graphs and identify motion statesFind distance from areas under speed-time graphsRecognise near-Earth free-fall accelerationCalculate acceleration and signed decelerationCalculate acceleration from speed-time gradientsDistinguish constant and changing accelerationExplain falling motion and terminal velocity
- Mass and weightP1.3Distinguish mass from gravitational weightCalculate weight mass and gravitational field strengthDetermine field strength from weight-mass dataConnect gravitational field strength with free-fall accelerationCompare masses and weights using a balanceExplain weight as the effect of a gravitational field
- DensityP1.4Explain density as mass per unit volumeRearrange density equations and convert cubic unitsDetermine density of regularly shaped solidsDetermine density of sinking irregular solidsDetermine liquid density with an empty-container correctionPredict floating and sinking from object densityOrder immiscible liquids by densityEvaluate density methods and systematic errors
- Effects of forcesP1.5.1Explain stretching compression bending and twistingMeasure extension in a supervised spring experimentPlot and interpret load-extension dataCombine forces along the same straight lineConnect zero resultant force with unchanged velocityExplain how a resultant changes speed or directionDescribe solid friction and the heating it can produceRecognise drag in liquids and gasesCalculate spring constant using force and extensionIdentify the limit of proportionality on a spring graphCalculate acceleration from the resultant forceFind the force or mass needed for a specified accelerationExplain inward force and tangent velocity in circular motionCompare force speed radius and mass in maintained circular motion
- Turning effectP1.5.2Explain moments and everyday turning effectsCalculate moments using perpendicular distanceBalance a beam with one force on each sideConvert hanging masses into balancing weightsRequire both force and moment balance for equilibriumFind the pivot support force on a balanced beamBalance several forces and an off-centre beam weightTest moment balance in a supervised ruler experiment
- Centre of massP1.5.3
- PressureP1.5.4Define and calculate force per unit areaConvert areas and rearrange pressure calculationsExplain everyday changes in contact pressureCompare liquid pressure by depth and densityDistinguish liquid depth from container shape and route lengthCalculate liquid-pressure changes from vertical depthFind depth or density from a liquid-pressure differenceCompare liquid-pressure changes across stated layers
Work, energy and power
- WorkP1.6.1
- EnergyP1.6.2Identify the seven syllabus energy storesDescribe energy-store changes in everyday processesDistinguish mechanical and electrical energy transfersFollow heating and wave energy transfersApply energy conservation with a stated systemInterpret simple energy flow diagramsCalculate kinetic energy from mass and speedFind mass or speed from a kinetic-energy valueCalculate gravitational potential energy changesFind height changes and compare gravitational energy accountsConserve energy through multiple stagesInterpret and complete quantitative Sankey diagrams
- PowerP1.6.3
- Energy resourcesP1.6.4Trace useful energy from fossil fuelsExplain useful energy from biofuelsTrace energy through a hydroelectric damDistinguish wave and tidal energy generationExplain geothermal heating and electricityTrace electricity generation from nuclear fuelExplain electricity generation by solar cellsExplain solar water-heating panelsTrace wind energy into electrical outputCompare resources using five separate factorsExplain useful and dispersed energy qualitativelyTrace solar origins and the three resource exceptionsExplain solar fusion and research toward fusion electricityCalculate efficiency using useful energy outputCalculate efficiency using power and complete stage chains
Thermal properties and temperature
- Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gasesP2.1.1Distinguish solid liquid and gas propertiesClassify grains droplets and trapped gasName the required changes of stateTrace a sequence of physical state changesRepresent vibrating particles in a solidExplain liquid flow with close mobile particlesExplain gas spreading and compressionConstruct and critique simple particle diagramsRelate temperature to particle motion and absolute zeroExplain gas pressure through surface collisionsExplain Brownian motion as particle-model evidenceConnect state properties to particle forces and distancesConnect gas collisions to wall force per unit areaDistinguish Brownian grains from atoms and moleculesDescribe thermal expansion at constant pressureExplain expansion gaps and restrained structuresUse expansion in thermometers and bimetal devicesExplain relative expansion through particle motion and arrangement
- Measurement of temperatureP2.1.2
- Melting and boilingP2.1.3Interpret melting and boiling on a heating curveState water's melting and boiling reference temperaturesExplain condensation and solidification using particlesExplain evaporation from a liquid surfaceExplain why evaporation cools a liquidCompare boiling with surface evaporationExplain temperature area and airflow effects on evaporationPlan and interpret controlled evaporation measurementsExplain cooling of an object touching an evaporating liquid
Thermal processes
- ConductionP2.2.1
- ConvectionP2.2.2
- RadiationP2.2.3Recognise infrared thermal radiation from objectsExplain thermal radiation through a vacuumCompare infrared absorption emission and reflection by surfacesExplain steady temperature through balanced energy ratesPredict warming and cooling from unequal energy ratesExplain Earth temperature through radiation balanceDescribe a controlled infrared emission experimentDescribe a controlled infrared absorption experimentExplain temperature and area effects on infrared emission rate
- Consequences of energy transferP2.2.4
Properties of waves, including light and sound
- General wave propertiesP3.1Track wave energy without carrying the medium alongDescribe wave motion in ropes and springsObserve water wave motion in a ripple tankRead crests troughs amplitude and wavelengthIdentify wavefronts frequency and propagation speedCalculate wave speed with consistent wavelength unitsRearrange wave speed equations and check supplied dataCompare transverse wave models and vibration directionsRead longitudinal compressions and rarefactionsExplain reflection of waves at a plane surfaceExplain refraction through a change of wave speedDescribe diffraction through a narrow gapDescribe a ripple tank reflection experimentDescribe ripple tank refraction across a depth changeDescribe a ripple tank gap diffraction experimentDescribe a ripple tank edge diffraction experimentCompare wavelength and gap size in diffractionCompare wavelength effects at a diffraction edge
- Reflection of lightP3.2.1Measure reflection angles from the normalApply the law of reflection at a plane mirrorDescribe the image formed by a plane mirrorConstruct plane-mirror images from reflected raysMeasure and calculate plane-mirror constructionsMeasure light refraction angles at a boundaryDescribe a rectangular-block refraction experimentDescribe refraction with a semicircular blockTrace light through a parallel-sided transparent blockExplain normal-incidence light transmissionDefine the critical angle for lightExplain internal reflection and total internal reflectionCalculate refractive index from light speedsUse the sine ratio for light refractionCalculate critical angle and refractive indexExplain optical fibres in telecommunications
- Refraction of lightP3.2.2Measure light refraction angles at a boundaryDescribe a rectangular-block refraction experimentDescribe refraction with a semicircular blockTrace light through a parallel-sided transparent blockExplain normal-incidence light transmissionDefine the critical angle for lightExplain internal reflection and total internal reflectionCalculate refractive index from light speedsUse the sine ratio for light refractionCalculate critical angle and refractive indexExplain optical fibres in telecommunications
- Thin converging lensP3.2.3Compare converging and diverging lenses on parallel beamsLocate principal axis focus and focal lengthConstruct a real image with a converging lensCompare real lens-image size and positionDistinguish virtual lens images from screen projectionsConstruct a virtual image with a converging lensUse a single converging lens as a magnifying glassExplain diverging-lens correction of short-sightednessExplain converging-lens correction of long-sightedness
- Electromagnetic spectrumP3.2.4Order the electromagnetic spectrum by frequency and wavelengthCompare electromagnetic travel in vacuum with soundExplain radio broadcasting astronomy and RFIDExplain microwave communication and oven heatingExplain infrared heating sensing and short-range linksExplain visible light in vision photography and illuminationExplain ultraviolet security marking and water sterilisationExplain X-ray medical and security scanningExplain gamma-ray sterilisation cancer detection and treatmentDistinguish microwave and infrared heating hazardsExplain ultraviolet X-ray and gamma-ray cell damageCompare low-orbit and geostationary satellite communicationCalculate electromagnetic travel using the vacuum speedExplain wireless and optical-fibre communication choicesDistinguish analogue and digital signalsRepresent sound as analogue and digital informationExplain digital regeneration transmission rate and range
- SoundP3.3Explain sound production by vibrating sourcesDescribe sound as a longitudinal disturbanceUse the approximate human audible frequency rangeExplain why sound needs a material mediumUse the approximate speed of sound in airMeasure sound speed using a synchronised visible eventMeasure sound speed using two microphonesCompare sound amplitude loudness frequency and pitchExplain echoes as reflected soundDefine ultrasound using the frequency boundaryDescribe sound compressions and rarefactionsCompare sound speeds in solids liquids and gasesUse ultrasound echoes for non-destructive material testingExplain ultrasound scanning of soft tissueCalculate sonar depth and distinguish total path from distance
Electricity and magnetism
- Simple phenomena of magnetismP4.1Describe magnetic pole attraction and repulsionUse repulsion to distinguish a magnet from an unmagnetised materialExplain induced magnetism in soft ironCompare temporary soft-iron and permanent steel magnetsDistinguish magnetic materials from other metals and insulatorsDefine a magnetic field through the force on a poleDraw the external field pattern around a bar magnetDetermine magnetic field direction using a north polePlot bar-magnet field lines with a compassUse iron filings to reveal a magnetic field patternExplain useful permanent-magnet applicationsExplain useful switched-electromagnet applicationsExplain magnetic forces through interacting fieldsCompare relative magnetic field strength from line spacingInterpret magnetic field cancellation and combined directionsMaking and removing magnetism
- Electrical energyP4.4Trace electrical energy transfer through a circuitCalculate electrical power from current and potential differenceFind operating current or potential difference from electrical powerCalculate electrical energy using current potential difference and timeUse consistent time units and changing operating intervalsDefine a kilowatt-hour and convert between energy unitsCalculate appliance energy costs from kWh tariffsCompare multiappliance daily energy and costs
- Dangers of electricityP4.5Explain the hazards of damaged electrical insulationExplain cable overheating and shared-socket overloadsExplain electrical hazards in damp conditionsDistinguish live neutral and protective earthExplain why an appliance switch belongs in liveExplain how a fuse interrupts excess currentChoose protective ratings from supplied circuit limitsDistinguish overcurrent trips from residual-current protectionExplain how an earthed metal case is protectedExplain double insulation and fuse protection without earth
Electrical quantities
- Electric chargeP4.2.1Identify positive negative and neutral charge from particle balancePredict forces between charged objectsProduce electrostatic charge by friction in a controlled testDetect electrostatic charge with an electroscopeExplain electron transfer when solids are rubbedConserve charge during isolated electron transferTest electrical conductors and insulators with a complete circuitExplain conduction and insulation using a simple electron modelClassify typical conductors and insulators without confusing magnetismUse coulombs and signed charge prefixesDefine an electric field by its force on chargeDetermine electric field direction using a positive test chargeDraw electric field patterns around point chargesDraw the field around an isolated charged conducting sphereDraw the uniform field between oppositely charged parallel plates
- CurrentP4.2.2Relate electric current to charge flowRead an analogue ammeter using its selected rangeUse a digital ammeter and choose a suitable rangeExplain metallic current as moving free electronsDistinguish direct and alternating currentCalculate current from charge passing a pointFind transferred charge and time from currentInterpret average current across changing intervalsDistinguish conventional current and electron flow
- Electromotive force and potential differenceP4.2.3Define electromotive force as source work per unit chargeState and interpret volts for electromotive forceDefine potential difference across a componentDistinguish voltage from charge current and total energyRead an analogue voltmeter on the chosen scaleUse a digital voltmeter with a suitable parallel connectionCalculate source work per charge as electromotive forceFind source work or transferred charge from e.m.f.Calculate component potential difference from work and chargeCompare source and component work accounts for the same charge
- ResistanceP4.2.4Calculate resistance from potential difference and currentRearrange resistance to find current or potential differenceDetermine resistance with separate current and voltage measurementsCompare wire resistance when length changesCompare wire resistance when cross-sectional area changesSketch and explain a constant-resistance current–voltage graphExplain filament-lamp current–voltage curvatureExplain diode current–voltage directionalityRead resistance from a specified current–voltage operating pointScale metallic-wire resistance with lengthScale metallic-wire resistance with cross-sectional areaCombine length area and diameter changes for a metallic wire
Electric circuits
- Circuit diagramsP4.3.1Read cell and battery symbols with their polaritiesDistinguish power supplies and generators in circuit diagramsDraw switches and trace complete circuit pathsUse fixed resistors variable resistors and heatersInterpret an NTC thermistor in a sensing circuitInterpret a light dependent resistor and its illuminationIdentify lamps motors and bells as circuit outputsPlace ammeters and voltmeters in circuit diagramsRecognize magnetising coils and transformer connectionsInterpret a fuse as a current controlled circuit interruptionUse a relay to switch a separate circuitRecognize a three terminal potential divider symbolInterpret a diode direction in a circuit diagramUse an LED with light arrows and current limiting
- Series and parallel circuitsP4.3.2Draw switches and trace complete circuit pathsFollow the same current around a series circuitConstruct and redraw series and parallel circuit pathsCombine the e m f of sources in seriesAdd resistances in one series pathCompare source and branch currents in parallelCompare resistance before and after a parallel branch is addedExplain the advantages of parallel lamp connectionsCalculate missing currents at a circuit junctionExplain junction current balance using charge conservationAdd potential differences across series componentsUse the same potential difference across parallel branchesCalculate two resistor parallel equivalents
- Action and use of circuit componentsP4.3.3
Electromagnetic effects
- Electromagnetic inductionP4.6.1Recognise induced voltage in a moving conductorInduce voltage by changing the field linking a coilDescribe a magnet and coil induction experimentDescribe a moving conductor induction demonstrationCompare factors affecting induced voltage magnitudeUse opposition to change for magnet and coil directionsExplain induction opposition through energy transferUse the generator direction rule for motion field and current
- A.C. generatorP4.6.2Explain a rotating coil alternating-current generatorExplain slip rings and stationary generator brushesExplain a rotating magnet generator with a fixed coilSketch and read a simple generator voltage graphRelate generator coil positions to voltage peaks and zerosRead generator periods and compare rotation changes
- TransformersP4.6.3Describe a simple two-winding transformerUse primary secondary step-up and step-down termsCalculate transformer secondary voltages from turnsFind missing transformer turn counts and input voltagesTrace transformer roles in high-voltage electricity transmissionExplain the advantages of high-voltage transmissionRead a supplied transmission transformer chainExplain induction in an iron-cored transformerCalculate ideal transformer input and output currentsCombine transformer turns voltage and ideal power balancesCalculate cable heating losses with current squared resistanceCompare transmission losses at matched load powerCheck voltage-loss scaling and changed cable conditions
- Force on a current-carrying conductorP4.6.4Describe a force experiment with a current-carrying conductorCompare conductor movement when current reversesCompare conductor movement when the magnetic field reversesUse the motor rule for force field and current directionsDetermine magnetic force directions for positive and negative particle beamsCheck beam direction reversals and parallel motion limits
- D.C. motorP4.6.5
Atomic physics
- The nuclear atomP5.1Describe the nuclear structure of an atomExplain positive and negative ion formationUse alpha scattering evidence for the nuclear atomIdentify nuclear particles and their relative chargesCalculate proton nucleon and neutron numbersRead and write labelled nuclide notationDistinguish isotopes from ions and different elementsExplain fission with a balanced supplied nuclear equationExplain fusion with a balanced supplied nuclear equationRelate nuclear charge and relative mass to proton and nucleon numbers
- Detection of radioactivityP5.2.1
- Characteristics of the three kinds of emissionP5.2.2Explain spontaneous emission and random nuclear directionsIdentify alpha beta-minus and gamma emissionsCompare ionising effects and penetrating abilities of nuclear emissionsPredict nuclear emission deflection in an electric fieldPredict nuclear emission deflection in a magnetic fieldExplain relative ionisation through energy transfer and charge
- Radioactive decayP5.2.3
- Half-lifeP5.2.4Define half-life without an individual decay deadlineCalculate successive half-lives and remaining fractionsFind half-life from background-free tables and curvesFind half-life when measured counts include backgroundExplain the radioactive smoke-alarm applicationExplain gamma irradiation of foodExplain gamma sterilisation of medical equipmentSelect radiation for thickness monitoringDistinguish gamma diagnosis from cancer treatment
- Safety precautionsP5.2.5
Lessons and worked examples
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- 01
Particles, states and changes of state
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Heating curves and gas-particle explanations
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Diffusion and random particle motion
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Gas diffusion and relative molecular mass
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Choose measuring apparatus for the quantity and purpose
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Design fair comparisons and evaluate measurement methods
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Solution vocabulary and saturation at a stated temperature
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Burette readings, titres and comparable repeats
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Select a solvent and filter an insoluble residue
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Acid-base titration: aliquot, burette and endpoint
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Paper chromatography: separate and compare coloured solutes
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Colourless chromatography and retention-factor calculations
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Crystallisation: concentrate, cool and recover the solid
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Distillation: collect a solvent and separate liquid mixtures
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Melting and boiling data: identify and assess purity
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Physical and chemical changes: use particle identity
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Elements, compounds and mixtures
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Atomic structure, shells and the Periodic Table
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Isotopes and atomic symbols
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Isotope abundances and relative atomic mass
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Periodic position, outer electrons and ion predictions
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Reading supplied group trends without inventing exact values
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Group I and VII ions and ionic bonding
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Ionic lattices and multicharged ions
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Shared pairs and simple covalent molecules
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Multiple covalent bonds and molecular properties
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Diamond and graphite: structure and uses
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Silicon dioxide and giant covalent networks
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Metallic bonding, conduction and shaping
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Reading formulas and building a formula notebook
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Balancing equations and using state symbols
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Empirical ratios and ionic formulas
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Ionic equations and spectator ions
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Relative atomic, molecular and formula masses
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Reacting masses by simple proportions
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Concentration units and solution volume
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Moles, molar mass and particle counts
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Stoichiometric ratios and limiting reactants
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Gas volumes at room temperature and pressure
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Solution concentrations and titration calculations
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Empirical and molecular formulas from data
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Percentage yield, composition and purity
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Electrolysis and molten binary compounds
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Aqueous electrolysis: brine and dilute acid
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Charge transfer and electrode half-equations
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Electroplating a metal object
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Copper sulfate: inert and copper electrodes
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Predicting aqueous halide electrode products
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Exothermic and endothermic energy transfers
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Enthalpy change and activation-energy diagrams
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Bond breaking, bond making and enthalpy estimates
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Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells and useful electricity
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Fuel cells compared with petrol engines
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Fossil fuels, hydrocarbons and petroleum mixtures
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Fractional distillation: temperature and petroleum trends
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Petroleum fractions: match all eight required uses
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Reaction rate factors and catalysts
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Measuring rates and reading reaction graphs
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Collision theory and activation-barrier changes
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Evaluating gas-volume and mass-loss rate methods
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Redox through oxygen transfer and Roman numerals
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Electron transfer and oxidation-number changes
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Oxidising agents, reducing agents and colour evidence
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Acid reactions: choose the salt and the other products
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Bases, alkalis and the neutralisation equation
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Indicators and pH: compare aqueous solutions
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Proton transfer and strong versus weak acids
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Acidic and basic oxides: connect behaviour with elements
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Amphoteric oxides: reactions on both sides
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Solubility rules: check the family and the exception
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Soluble salts from excess insoluble reactants
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Not started - 72
Soluble salts from acid–alkali titration
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Not started - 73
Hydrated and anhydrous substances
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Not started - 74
Insoluble salts by precipitation
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Not started - 75
Water of crystallisation and hydrate formulas
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Not started - 76
Carbonate and halide tests: reagent then observation
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Not started - 77
Nitrate, sulfate and sulfite: distinguish three similar names
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Not started - 78
White cation precipitates and the separate ammonium gas test
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Not started - 79
Coloured cation precipitates: chromium, copper and iron
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Not started - 80
Gas identification: six tests and six specific observations
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Not started - 81
Flame tests: six metal-ion colours and contamination limits
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Not started - 82
Group I metals: trends and careful predictions
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Not started - 83
Halogens: appearance, molecules and group trends
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Not started - 84
Halogen displacement: use the reactivity order
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Not started - 85
Metal properties and reaction patterns
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Not started - 86
Alloys: composition, diagrams and useful properties
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Not started - 87
Why different-sized atoms can strengthen an alloy
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Not started - 88
The reactivity series: water, steam and dilute acid
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Not started - 89
Deducing reactivity from supplied experimental results
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Not started - 90
Metal displacement and positive-ion formation
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Not started - 91
Aluminium's oxide layer and apparent unreactivity
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Not started - 92
Choosing an extraction route from reactivity
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Not started - 93
The blast furnace: explain each material's role
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Not started - 94
Blast-furnace equations and oxygen accounting
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Not started - 95
Aluminium electrolysis: cryolite and changing carbon anodes
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Not started - 96
Choosing aluminium and copper for their uses
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Not started - 97
Testing for water: identify the colour change
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Not started - 98
Water purity and why laboratories use distilled water
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Not started - 99
Natural water: useful substances and harmful contamination
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Not started - 100
Domestic water treatment: give each stage its job
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Not started - 101
Clean dry air: composition and approximate proportions
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Not started - 102
Air pollutants: connect each source with its effect
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Not started - 103
Reducing climate change and acid-rain emissions
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Not started - 104
Photosynthesis: reactants, products and light energy
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Not started - 105
The greenhouse effect: absorption, emission and energy balance
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Not started - 106
Engine nitrogen oxides and catalytic-converter reactions
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Not started - 107
Photosynthesis: balance the symbol equation and quantities
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Not started - 108
Displayed formulas: show every atom and every bond
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Not started - 109
General formulas, functional groups and chemical families
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Not started - 110
Saturated and unsaturated: inspect carbon–carbon bonds
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Not started - 111
Structural formulas and structural isomers
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Not started - 112
Homologous series: successive members and physical trends
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Not started - 113
Organic names and reaction products: read the complete structure
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Not started - 114
Four-carbon naming: double-bond and alcohol positions
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Not started - 115
Name and display esters from four-carbon starting molecules
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Not started - 116
Alkanes: single bonds, combustion and reaction limits
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Not started - 117
Chlorine substitution: ultraviolet light and one replacement
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Not started - 118
Alkenes and the aqueous bromine test
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Not started - 119
Cracking: smaller molecules, conditions and demand
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Not started - 120
Alkene addition: bromine, hydrogen and steam products
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Not started - 121
Polymers and polyethene: many monomers, one long chain
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Not started - 122
Plastics: useful properties and disposal consequences
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Not started - 123
Addition repeats: deduce the monomer and retain side groups
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Not started - 124
Polyamides and nylon: monomers, links and water loss
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Not started - 125
Polyesters and PET: ester links and return to monomers
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Not started - 126
Proteins: amino acids and natural polyamide links
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Not started - 127
Ethanol from fermentation: glucose, yeast and conditions
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Not started - 128
Ethanol from ethene: steam, pressure and acid catalyst
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Not started - 129
Ethanol combustion and its solvent and fuel uses
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Not started - 130
Compare fermentation and catalytic ethene hydration
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Not started - 131
Measure lengths from two ruler readings
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Not started - 132
Read liquid volumes and find displacement volumes
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Not started - 133
Measure short lengths by taking multiples
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Not started - 134
Time intervals and repeated pendulum oscillations
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Not started - 135
Distinguish scalar and vector quantities
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Not started - 136
Find perpendicular force and velocity resultants
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Not started - 137
Calculate speed and specify velocity direction
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Not started - 138
Find whole-journey average speed including stops
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Not started - 139
Plot distance-time graphs and calculate straight gradients
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Not started - 140
Recognise changing speed on curved distance-time graphs
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Not started - 141
Plot speed-time graphs and identify motion states
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Not started - 142
Find distance from areas under speed-time graphs
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Not started - 143
Recognise near-Earth free-fall acceleration
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Not started - 144
Calculate acceleration and signed deceleration
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Not started - 145
Calculate acceleration from speed-time gradients
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Not started - 146
Distinguish constant and changing acceleration
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Not started - 147
Explain falling motion and terminal velocity
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Not started - 148
Distinguish mass from gravitational weight
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Not started - 149
Calculate weight mass and gravitational field strength
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Not started - 150
Determine field strength from weight-mass data
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Not started - 151
Connect gravitational field strength with free-fall acceleration
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Not started - 152
Compare masses and weights using a balance
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Not started - 153
Explain weight as the effect of a gravitational field
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Not started - 154
Explain density as mass per unit volume
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Not started - 155
Rearrange density equations and convert cubic units
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Not started - 156
Determine density of regularly shaped solids
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Not started - 157
Determine density of sinking irregular solids
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Not started - 158
Determine liquid density with an empty-container correction
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Not started - 159
Predict floating and sinking from object density
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Not started - 160
Order immiscible liquids by density
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Not started - 161
Evaluate density methods and systematic errors
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Not started - 162
Explain stretching compression bending and twisting
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Not started - 163
Measure extension in a supervised spring experiment
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Not started - 164
Plot and interpret load-extension data
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Not started - 165
Combine forces along the same straight line
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Not started - 166
Connect zero resultant force with unchanged velocity
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Not started - 167
Explain how a resultant changes speed or direction
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Not started - 168
Describe solid friction and the heating it can produce
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Not started - 169
Recognise drag in liquids and gases
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Not started - 170
Calculate spring constant using force and extension
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Not started - 171
Identify the limit of proportionality on a spring graph
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Not started - 172
Calculate acceleration from the resultant force
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Not started - 173
Find the force or mass needed for a specified acceleration
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Not started - 174
Explain inward force and tangent velocity in circular motion
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Not started - 175
Compare force speed radius and mass in maintained circular motion
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Not started - 176
Explain moments and everyday turning effects
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Not started - 177
Calculate moments using perpendicular distance
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Not started - 178
Balance a beam with one force on each side
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Not started - 179
Convert hanging masses into balancing weights
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Not started - 180
Require both force and moment balance for equilibrium
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Not started - 181
Find the pivot support force on a balanced beam
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Not started - 182
Balance several forces and an off-centre beam weight
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Not started - 183
Test moment balance in a supervised ruler experiment
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Not started - 184
Define centre of gravity and locate a weight line
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Not started - 185
Locate the centre of gravity of an irregular lamina by suspension
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Not started - 186
Explain stability using the weight line and tipping edge
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Not started - 187
Compare low centres of gravity and broad bases
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Not started - 188
Define and calculate force per unit area
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Not started - 189
Convert areas and rearrange pressure calculations
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Not started - 190
Explain everyday changes in contact pressure
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Not started - 191
Compare liquid pressure by depth and density
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Not started - 192
Distinguish liquid depth from container shape and route length
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Not started - 193
Calculate liquid-pressure changes from vertical depth
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Not started - 194
Find depth or density from a liquid-pressure difference
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Not started - 195
Compare liquid-pressure changes across stated layers
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Not started - 196
Relate mechanical and electrical work to energy transferred
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Not started - 197
Calculate work from force and aligned distance
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Not started - 198
Find force or distance from a work requirement
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Not started - 199
Identify the seven syllabus energy stores
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Not started - 200
Describe energy-store changes in everyday processes
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Not started - 201
Distinguish mechanical and electrical energy transfers
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Not started - 202
Follow heating and wave energy transfers
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Not started - 203
Apply energy conservation with a stated system
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Not started - 204
Interpret simple energy flow diagrams
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Not started - 205
Calculate kinetic energy from mass and speed
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Not started - 206
Find mass or speed from a kinetic-energy value
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Not started - 207
Calculate gravitational potential energy changes
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Not started - 208
Find height changes and compare gravitational energy accounts
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Not started - 209
Conserve energy through multiple stages
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Not started - 210
Interpret and complete quantitative Sankey diagrams
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Not started - 211
Define power as energy transfer per unit time
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Not started - 212
Convert units and rearrange power calculations
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Not started - 213
Calculate power for a specified mechanical-work task
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Not started - 214
Trace useful energy from fossil fuels
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Not started - 215
Explain useful energy from biofuels
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Not started - 216
Trace energy through a hydroelectric dam
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Not started - 217
Distinguish wave and tidal energy generation
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Not started - 218
Explain geothermal heating and electricity
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Not started - 219
Trace electricity generation from nuclear fuel
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Not started - 220
Explain electricity generation by solar cells
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Not started - 221
Explain solar water-heating panels
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Not started - 222
Trace wind energy into electrical output
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Not started - 223
Compare resources using five separate factors
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Not started - 224
Explain useful and dispersed energy qualitatively
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Not started - 225
Trace solar origins and the three resource exceptions
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Not started - 226
Explain solar fusion and research toward fusion electricity
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Not started - 227
Calculate efficiency using useful energy output
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Not started - 228
Calculate efficiency using power and complete stage chains
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Not started - 229
Distinguish solid liquid and gas properties
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Not started - 230
Classify grains droplets and trapped gas
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Not started - 231
Name the required changes of state
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Not started - 232
Trace a sequence of physical state changes
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Not started - 233
Represent vibrating particles in a solid
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Not started - 234
Explain liquid flow with close mobile particles
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Not started - 235
Explain gas spreading and compression
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Not started - 236
Construct and critique simple particle diagrams
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Not started - 237
Relate temperature to particle motion and absolute zero
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Not started - 238
Explain gas pressure through surface collisions
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Not started - 239
Explain Brownian motion as particle-model evidence
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Not started - 240
Connect state properties to particle forces and distances
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Not started - 241
Connect gas collisions to wall force per unit area
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Not started - 242
Distinguish Brownian grains from atoms and molecules
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Not started - 243
Describe thermal expansion at constant pressure
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Not started - 244
Explain expansion gaps and restrained structures
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Not started - 245
Use expansion in thermometers and bimetal devices
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Not started - 246
Explain relative expansion through particle motion and arrangement
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Not started - 247
Interpret melting and boiling on a heating curve
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Not started - 248
State water's melting and boiling reference temperatures
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Not started - 249
Explain condensation and solidification using particles
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Not started - 250
Explain evaporation from a liquid surface
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Not started - 251
Explain why evaporation cools a liquid
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Not started - 252
Compare boiling with surface evaporation
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Not started - 253
Explain temperature area and airflow effects on evaporation
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Not started - 254
Plan and interpret controlled evaporation measurements
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Not started - 255
Explain cooling of an object touching an evaporating liquid
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Not started - 256
Compare conducting rods with matched indicators
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Not started - 257
Compare solid layers in a controlled conduction test
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Not started - 258
Explain conduction through lattice vibrations
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Not started - 259
Explain the electron contribution in metal conduction
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Not started - 260
Explain poor conduction in gases and most liquids
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Not started - 261
Recognise intermediate thermal conduction in solids
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Not started - 262
Distinguish convection from conduction in fluids
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Not started - 263
Explain natural convection using density changes
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Not started - 264
Describe a water convection demonstration
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Not started - 265
Describe an air convection demonstration
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Not started - 266
Recognise infrared thermal radiation from objects
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Not started - 267
Explain thermal radiation through a vacuum
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Not started - 268
Compare infrared absorption emission and reflection by surfaces
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Not started - 269
Explain steady temperature through balanced energy rates
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Not started - 270
Predict warming and cooling from unequal energy rates
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Not started - 271
Explain Earth temperature through radiation balance
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Not started - 272
Describe a controlled infrared emission experiment
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Not started - 273
Describe a controlled infrared absorption experiment
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Not started - 274
Explain temperature and area effects on infrared emission rate
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Not started - 275
Explain thermal transfer through a kitchen pan
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Not started - 276
Explain room heating by convection
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Not started - 277
Trace multiple thermal routes from a wood or coal fire
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Not started - 278
Explain thermal transfer through a car radiator
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Not started - 279
Track wave energy without carrying the medium along
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Not started - 280
Describe wave motion in ropes and springs
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Not started - 281
Observe water wave motion in a ripple tank
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Not started - 282
Read crests troughs amplitude and wavelength
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Not started - 283
Identify wavefronts frequency and propagation speed
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Not started - 284
Calculate wave speed with consistent wavelength units
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Not started - 285
Rearrange wave speed equations and check supplied data
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Not started - 286
Compare transverse wave models and vibration directions
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Not started - 287
Read longitudinal compressions and rarefactions
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Not started - 288
Explain reflection of waves at a plane surface
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Not started - 289
Explain refraction through a change of wave speed
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Not started - 290
Describe diffraction through a narrow gap
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Not started - 291
Describe a ripple tank reflection experiment
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Not started - 292
Describe ripple tank refraction across a depth change
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Not started - 293
Describe a ripple tank gap diffraction experiment
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Not started - 294
Describe a ripple tank edge diffraction experiment
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Not started - 295
Compare wavelength and gap size in diffraction
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Not started - 296
Compare wavelength effects at a diffraction edge
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Not started - 297
Measure reflection angles from the normal
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Not started - 298
Apply the law of reflection at a plane mirror
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Not started - 299
Describe the image formed by a plane mirror
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Not started - 300
Construct plane-mirror images from reflected rays
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Not started - 301
Measure and calculate plane-mirror constructions
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Not started - 302
Measure light refraction angles at a boundary
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Not started - 303
Describe a rectangular-block refraction experiment
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Not started - 304
Describe refraction with a semicircular block
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Not started - 305
Trace light through a parallel-sided transparent block
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Not started - 306
Explain normal-incidence light transmission
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Not started - 307
Define the critical angle for light
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Not started - 308
Explain internal reflection and total internal reflection
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Not started - 309
Calculate refractive index from light speeds
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Not started - 310
Use the sine ratio for light refraction
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Not started - 311
Calculate critical angle and refractive index
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Not started - 312
Explain optical fibres in telecommunications
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Not started - 313
Compare converging and diverging lenses on parallel beams
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Not started - 314
Locate principal axis focus and focal length
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Not started - 315
Construct a real image with a converging lens
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Not started - 316
Compare real lens-image size and position
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Not started - 317
Distinguish virtual lens images from screen projections
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Not started - 318
Construct a virtual image with a converging lens
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Not started - 319
Use a single converging lens as a magnifying glass
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Not started - 320
Explain diverging-lens correction of short-sightedness
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Not started - 321
Explain converging-lens correction of long-sightedness
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Not started - 322
Order the electromagnetic spectrum by frequency and wavelength
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Not started - 323
Compare electromagnetic travel in vacuum with sound
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Not started - 324
Explain radio broadcasting astronomy and RFID
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Not started - 325
Explain microwave communication and oven heating
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Not started - 326
Explain infrared heating sensing and short-range links
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Not started - 327
Explain visible light in vision photography and illumination
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Not started - 328
Explain ultraviolet security marking and water sterilisation
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Not started - 329
Explain X-ray medical and security scanning
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Not started - 330
Explain gamma-ray sterilisation cancer detection and treatment
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Not started - 331
Distinguish microwave and infrared heating hazards
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Not started - 332
Explain ultraviolet X-ray and gamma-ray cell damage
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Not started - 333
Compare low-orbit and geostationary satellite communication
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Not started - 334
Calculate electromagnetic travel using the vacuum speed
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Not started - 335
Explain wireless and optical-fibre communication choices
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Not started - 336
Distinguish analogue and digital signals
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Not started - 337
Represent sound as analogue and digital information
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Not started - 338
Explain digital regeneration transmission rate and range
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Not started - 339
Explain sound production by vibrating sources
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Not started - 340
Describe sound as a longitudinal disturbance
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Not started - 341
Use the approximate human audible frequency range
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Not started - 342
Explain why sound needs a material medium
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Not started - 343
Use the approximate speed of sound in air
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Not started - 344
Measure sound speed using a synchronised visible event
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Not started - 345
Measure sound speed using two microphones
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Not started - 346
Compare sound amplitude loudness frequency and pitch
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Not started - 347
Explain echoes as reflected sound
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Not started - 348
Define ultrasound using the frequency boundary
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Not started - 349
Describe sound compressions and rarefactions
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Not started - 350
Compare sound speeds in solids liquids and gases
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Not started - 351
Use ultrasound echoes for non-destructive material testing
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Not started - 352
Explain ultrasound scanning of soft tissue
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Not started - 353
Calculate sonar depth and distinguish total path from distance
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Not started - 354
Describe magnetic pole attraction and repulsion
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Not started - 355
Use repulsion to distinguish a magnet from an unmagnetised material
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Not started - 356
Explain induced magnetism in soft iron
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Not started - 357
Compare temporary soft-iron and permanent steel magnets
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Not started - 358
Distinguish magnetic materials from other metals and insulators
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Not started - 359
Define a magnetic field through the force on a pole
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Not started - 360
Draw the external field pattern around a bar magnet
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Not started - 361
Determine magnetic field direction using a north pole
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Not started - 362
Plot bar-magnet field lines with a compass
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Not started - 363
Use iron filings to reveal a magnetic field pattern
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Not started - 364
Explain useful permanent-magnet applications
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Not started - 365
Explain useful switched-electromagnet applications
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Not started - 366
Explain magnetic forces through interacting fields
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Not started - 367
Compare relative magnetic field strength from line spacing
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Not started - 368
Interpret magnetic field cancellation and combined directions
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Not started - 369
Identify positive negative and neutral charge from particle balance
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Not started - 370
Predict forces between charged objects
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Not started - 371
Produce electrostatic charge by friction in a controlled test
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Not started - 372
Detect electrostatic charge with an electroscope
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Not started - 373
Explain electron transfer when solids are rubbed
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Not started - 374
Conserve charge during isolated electron transfer
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Not started - 375
Test electrical conductors and insulators with a complete circuit
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Not started - 376
Explain conduction and insulation using a simple electron model
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Not started - 377
Classify typical conductors and insulators without confusing magnetism
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Not started - 378
Use coulombs and signed charge prefixes
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Not started - 379
Define an electric field by its force on charge
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Not started - 380
Determine electric field direction using a positive test charge
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Not started - 381
Draw electric field patterns around point charges
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Not started - 382
Draw the field around an isolated charged conducting sphere
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Not started - 383
Draw the uniform field between oppositely charged parallel plates
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Not started - 384
Relate electric current to charge flow
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Not started - 385
Read an analogue ammeter using its selected range
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Not started - 386
Use a digital ammeter and choose a suitable range
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Not started - 387
Explain metallic current as moving free electrons
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Not started - 388
Distinguish direct and alternating current
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Not started - 389
Calculate current from charge passing a point
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Not started - 390
Find transferred charge and time from current
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Not started - 391
Interpret average current across changing intervals
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Not started - 392
Distinguish conventional current and electron flow
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Not started - 393
Define electromotive force as source work per unit charge
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Not started - 394
State and interpret volts for electromotive force
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Not started - 395
Define potential difference across a component
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Not started - 396
Distinguish voltage from charge current and total energy
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Not started - 397
Read an analogue voltmeter on the chosen scale
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Not started - 398
Use a digital voltmeter with a suitable parallel connection
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Not started - 399
Calculate source work per charge as electromotive force
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Not started - 400
Find source work or transferred charge from e.m.f.
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Not started - 401
Calculate component potential difference from work and charge
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Not started - 402
Compare source and component work accounts for the same charge
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Not started - 403
Calculate resistance from potential difference and current
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Not started - 404
Rearrange resistance to find current or potential difference
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Not started - 405
Determine resistance with separate current and voltage measurements
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Not started - 406
Compare wire resistance when length changes
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Not started - 407
Compare wire resistance when cross-sectional area changes
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Not started - 408
Sketch and explain a constant-resistance current–voltage graph
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Not started - 409
Explain filament-lamp current–voltage curvature
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Not started - 410
Explain diode current–voltage directionality
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Not started - 411
Read resistance from a specified current–voltage operating point
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Not started - 412
Scale metallic-wire resistance with length
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Not started - 413
Scale metallic-wire resistance with cross-sectional area
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Not started - 414
Combine length area and diameter changes for a metallic wire
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Not started - 415
Read cell and battery symbols with their polarities
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Not started - 416
Distinguish power supplies and generators in circuit diagrams
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Not started - 417
Draw switches and trace complete circuit paths
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Not started - 418
Use fixed resistors variable resistors and heaters
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Not started - 419
Interpret an NTC thermistor in a sensing circuit
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Not started - 420
Interpret a light dependent resistor and its illumination
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Not started - 421
Identify lamps motors and bells as circuit outputs
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Not started - 422
Place ammeters and voltmeters in circuit diagrams
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Not started - 423
Recognize magnetising coils and transformer connections
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Not started - 424
Interpret a fuse as a current controlled circuit interruption
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Not started - 425
Use a relay to switch a separate circuit
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Not started - 426
Recognize a three terminal potential divider symbol
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Not started - 427
Interpret a diode direction in a circuit diagram
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Not started - 428
Use an LED with light arrows and current limiting
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Not started - 429
Follow the same current around a series circuit
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Not started - 430
Construct and redraw series and parallel circuit paths
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Not started - 431
Combine the e m f of sources in series
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Not started - 432
Add resistances in one series path
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Not started - 433
Compare source and branch currents in parallel
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Not started - 434
Compare resistance before and after a parallel branch is added
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Not started - 435
Explain the advantages of parallel lamp connections
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Not started - 436
Calculate missing currents at a circuit junction
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Not started - 437
Explain junction current balance using charge conservation
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Not started - 438
Add potential differences across series components
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Not started - 439
Use the same potential difference across parallel branches
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Not started - 440
Calculate two resistor parallel equivalents
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Not started - 441
Compare conductor p d when current is held constant
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Not started - 442
Describe a variable potential divider wiper
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Not started - 443
Calculate the resistance and voltage shares of a divider
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Not started - 444
Predict sensor divider outputs and loading changes
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Not started - 445
Trace electrical energy transfer through a circuit
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Not started - 446
Calculate electrical power from current and potential difference
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Not started - 447
Find operating current or potential difference from electrical power
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Not started - 448
Calculate electrical energy using current potential difference and time
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Not started - 449
Use consistent time units and changing operating intervals
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Not started - 450
Define a kilowatt-hour and convert between energy units
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Not started - 451
Calculate appliance energy costs from kWh tariffs
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Not started - 452
Compare multiappliance daily energy and costs
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Not started - 453
Explain the hazards of damaged electrical insulation
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Not started - 454
Explain cable overheating and shared-socket overloads
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Not started - 455
Explain electrical hazards in damp conditions
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Not started - 456
Distinguish live neutral and protective earth
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Not started - 457
Explain why an appliance switch belongs in live
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Not started - 458
Explain how a fuse interrupts excess current
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Not started - 459
Choose protective ratings from supplied circuit limits
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Not started - 460
Distinguish overcurrent trips from residual-current protection
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Not started - 461
Explain how an earthed metal case is protected
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Not started - 462
Explain double insulation and fuse protection without earth
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Not started - 463
Recognise induced voltage in a moving conductor
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Not started - 464
Induce voltage by changing the field linking a coil
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Not started - 465
Describe a magnet and coil induction experiment
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Not started - 466
Describe a moving conductor induction demonstration
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Not started - 467
Compare factors affecting induced voltage magnitude
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Not started - 468
Use opposition to change for magnet and coil directions
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Not started - 469
Explain induction opposition through energy transfer
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Not started - 470
Use the generator direction rule for motion field and current
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Not started - 471
Explain a rotating coil alternating-current generator
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Not started - 472
Explain slip rings and stationary generator brushes
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Not started - 473
Explain a rotating magnet generator with a fixed coil
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Not started - 474
Sketch and read a simple generator voltage graph
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Not started - 475
Relate generator coil positions to voltage peaks and zeros
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Not started - 476
Read generator periods and compare rotation changes
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Not started - 477
Describe a simple two-winding transformer
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Not started - 478
Use primary secondary step-up and step-down terms
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Not started - 479
Calculate transformer secondary voltages from turns
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Not started - 480
Find missing transformer turn counts and input voltages
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Not started - 481
Trace transformer roles in high-voltage electricity transmission
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Not started - 482
Explain the advantages of high-voltage transmission
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Not started - 483
Read a supplied transmission transformer chain
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Not started - 484
Explain induction in an iron-cored transformer
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Not started - 485
Calculate ideal transformer input and output currents
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Not started - 486
Combine transformer turns voltage and ideal power balances
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Not started - 487
Calculate cable heating losses with current squared resistance
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Not started - 488
Compare transmission losses at matched load power
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Not started - 489
Check voltage-loss scaling and changed cable conditions
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Not started - 490
Describe a force experiment with a current-carrying conductor
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Not started - 491
Compare conductor movement when current reverses
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Not started - 492
Compare conductor movement when the magnetic field reverses
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Not started - 493
Use the motor rule for force field and current directions
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Not started - 494
Determine magnetic force directions for positive and negative particle beams
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Not started - 495
Check beam direction reversals and parallel motion limits
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Not started - 496
Explain the turning effect on a current-carrying coil
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Not started - 497
Compare factors that increase a coil turning effect
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Not started - 498
Explain split-ring commutation in a simple d.c. motor
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Not started - 499
Distinguish motor commutators from generator slip rings
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Not started - 500
Explain motor reversals and energy transfers
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Not started - 501
Describe the nuclear structure of an atom
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Not started - 502
Explain positive and negative ion formation
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Not started - 503
Use alpha scattering evidence for the nuclear atom
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Not started - 504
Identify nuclear particles and their relative charges
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Not started - 505
Calculate proton nucleon and neutron numbers
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Not started - 506
Read and write labelled nuclide notation
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Not started - 507
Distinguish isotopes from ions and different elements
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Not started - 508
Explain fission with a balanced supplied nuclear equation
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Not started - 509
Explain fusion with a balanced supplied nuclear equation
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Not started - 510
Relate nuclear charge and relative mass to proton and nucleon numbers
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Not started - 511
Explain background radiation and its principal sources
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Not started - 512
Describe a radiation detector connected to a counter
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Not started - 513
Calculate count rates and convert their time units
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Not started - 514
Subtract background to find a corrected count rate
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Not started - 515
Correct radiation records with unequal observation intervals
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Not started - 516
Explain spontaneous emission and random nuclear directions
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Not started - 517
Identify alpha beta-minus and gamma emissions
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Not started - 518
Compare ionising effects and penetrating abilities of nuclear emissions
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Not started - 519
Predict nuclear emission deflection in an electric field
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Not started - 520
Predict nuclear emission deflection in a magnetic field
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Not started - 521
Explain relative ionisation through energy transfer and charge
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Not started - 522
Explain spontaneous changes in unstable nuclei
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Not started - 523
Explain element changes in alpha and beta-minus decay
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Not started - 524
Explain excess-neutron and heavy-nucleus instability
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Not started - 525
Write and check alpha decay equations
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Not started - 526
Write and explain beta-minus decay equations
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Not started - 527
Explain gamma emission in nuclide equations
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Not started - 528
Define half-life without an individual decay deadline
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Not started - 529
Calculate successive half-lives and remaining fractions
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Not started - 530
Find half-life from background-free tables and curves
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Not started - 531
Find half-life when measured counts include background
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Not started - 532
Explain the radioactive smoke-alarm application
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Not started - 533
Explain gamma irradiation of food
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Not started - 534
Explain gamma sterilisation of medical equipment
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Not started - 535
Select radiation for thickness monitoring
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Not started - 536
Distinguish gamma diagnosis from cancer treatment
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Not started - 537
Describe radiation effects on living cells
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Not started - 538
Describe safe movement use and storage of radioactive sources
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Not started - 539
Explain time distance and shielding protection
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Not started - 540
Carbonates, limestone and lime
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Not started - 541
Measuring temperature with calibrated instruments
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Not started - 542
Making and removing magnetism
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Not started - 543
When fast reactions become combustion hazards
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Not started - 544
Sources of carbon dioxide and methane
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Topic tests: Easy, Normal and Difficult
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Browse 84 topics →No StudyForA practice set is published for this exact qualification yet. Use the official papers below or in the resource guide.