Define a population
A population is a group of organisms of one species living in the same area at the same time.
Exam scope and assessment notes
Core and Extended · Biology 0970, 2026–2028. Use the stated specimen features and evidence. Diagrams are schematic. Written practice is self-checked; human subject-teacher review, supervised practical competence and cumulative assessment remain pending. Cambridge states that IGCSE 0970 has the same subject content as IGCSE 0610, with 9–1 grading. This StudyForA pathway maps the 2026–2028 syllabus only. This 9–1 graded qualification is available only in a limited number of administrative zones. Confirm that your centre can enter you for this code and exam series with Cambridge International. Cambridge has published a separate syllabus for 2029. StudyForA has not reconciled that version yet; this page supports exams in 2026, 2027 and 2028 only.
Before you begin
- Know population, community and ecosystem terms and read the axis labels on a graph.
Work on paper. Try each question before revealing help, and explain why your method works.
Quick readiness check
Which description includes every part of a population definition?
What you will learn
- Define a population using species, area and time
- Apply the definition to field observations
Keep all three parts in the definition
A population is a group of organisms of one species living in the same area at the same time. “One species” separates the group from the larger community; “same area” gives a spatial boundary; “at the same time” gives a time boundary. A population count or estimate applies to the stated sampling area and date.
If the location or observation time changes, it may be a different population sample. A species can occur across many areas, while each defined population refers to the organisms in the selected area and time. State the area and sampling date when interpreting data.
Do not confuse population with an individual or a community
A single animal is an organism, not a group population. Several species sharing an area are not one population; they contribute to a community. Different counts for one species at different dates describe population observations at different times.
A population definition does not itself say whether numbers are increasing, stable or declining. Those conclusions need repeated counts or other evidence.
Pause and explain
Two counts of the same species are made in the same field on different dates. What is the key difference?
Worked example
A survey records 46 pond snails in one pond on 12 May. What population does the count describe?
Show the worked solution
- The organisms are pond snails, one species.
- The area is the stated pond.
- The time is 12 May.
Answer It describes the population of pond snails in that pond at the time of the 12 May survey.
Try a topic test
Choose Easy, Normal or Difficult. Save your answers and open worked review after finishing.
Test this topic →From guided practice to a new situation
Write your answer and reasoning first. Use a hint only if you are stuck. The model solution is for self-checking; your written work is not automatically marked.
Define the population represented by a count of 28 daisies in a 1 m² quadrat in a field on 4 June.
Give me a hint
Include species, area and time.
Compare my reasoning
- The group is daisies of one species.
- The area is the quadrat within the field.
- The observation time is 4 June.
The population is the daisies of that species in the 1 m² quadrat on 4 June.
Look for these in your work
- Species stated
- Area and time included
A report says “the population in the park was 90.” What two details would you ask for to make the population definition precise?
Give me a hint
Check the spatial and time boundaries.
Compare my reasoning
- Which species was counted?
- Which part of the park and what date/time?
Specify the species, the exact area sampled and when it was counted; “population” requires one species in an area at a time.
Look for these in your work
- Missing boundaries identified
- All three definition parts retained
A pond count is 35 fish this year and 52 fish next year. What can the two figures describe, and what should not be assumed from counts alone?
Give me a hint
Keep the species, area and sampling method comparable.
Compare my reasoning
- They are counts at two times.
- Comparable boundaries and methods are needed to infer change.
They describe population observations at two times if the same species and area were sampled comparably. Counts alone do not explain why the number changed.
Look for these in your work
- Times distinguished
- Cause not invented
Common mistakes
- Omitting area or time
- Including several species in one population
- Treating one organism as a population
What can you explain now?
Which description includes every part of a population definition?
Compare with the explanation
One species living in the same area at the same time
Species, area and time are all stated.
After trying it yourself, choose your next review. This is your self-assessment.
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Make it stick
State the three features that define a population and explain why a population count needs an area and time.
If you needed the solution, close it and solve the problem again from a blank page. A correct answer is stronger when you can explain the reason for each step.