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Cambridge (CIE) · A Level

Physics 9702

Explore motion, forces, energy, waves and electricity. Use measurements, models and calculations to explain how physical systems behave.

165 lessons and reviews1 practice setSyllabus 2025–2027
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At a glance

What you'll cover

  • AS · Foundations
  • AS · Mechanics
  • AS · Matter and materials
  • AS · Waves
  • AS · Electricity
  • AS · Modern physics
Explore 9 more areas

Published syllabus exam years: 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030. Confirm exam-series and centre availability with your school and Cambridge.

Syllabus 2025–2027

Progress through Physics 9702

2025–2027 syllabus · Version 1

25 of 25 sections have teaching and practice

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Study options and assessment

One hundred and sixty-two original lessons cover all 12 published subject-content outcomes in Topic 1 (sections 1.1–1.4), all nine outcomes in Topic 2 (section 2.1), all 13 outcomes in Topic 3 (sections 3.1–3.3), all 13 outcomes in Topic 4 (sections 4.1–4.3), all 11 outcomes in Topic 5 (sections 5.1–5.2), all 10 outcomes in Topic 6 (sections 6.1–6.2), all 16 outcomes in Topic 7 (sections 7.1–7.5), all 12 outcomes in Topic 8 (sections 8.1–8.4), all 15 outcomes in Topic 9 (sections 9.1–9.3), all 16 outcomes in Topic 10 (sections 10.1–10.3), all 18 outcomes in Topic 11 (sections 11.1–11.2), all seven outcomes in Topic 12 (sections 12.1–12.2), all 12 outcomes in Topic 13 (sections 13.1–13.4), all eight outcomes in Topic 14 (sections 14.1–14.3), and all nine outcomes in Topic 15 (sections 15.1–15.3), plus all four outcomes in Topic 16 (sections 16.1–16.2), and all ten outcomes in Topic 17 (sections 17.1–17.3), plus all 12 outcomes in Topic 18 (sections 18.1–18.5), all nine outcomes in Topic 19 (sections 19.1–19.3), all 19 outcomes in Topic 20 (sections 20.1–20.5), and all eight outcomes in Topic 21 (sections 21.1–21.2), and all 17 outcomes in Topic 22 (sections 22.1–22.4), and all 13 outcomes in Topic 23 (sections 23.1–23.2), and all 16 outcomes in Topic 24 (sections 24.1–24.3), and all 11 outcomes in Topic 25 (sections 25.1–25.3), of the 2025–2027 syllabus. Each lesson has guided, independent and application practice with explained answers. All 25 syllabus topics now have mapped teaching and practice; the 2028–2030 changes outside Topics 23–25 still need reconciliation. Online study cannot demonstrate supervised Paper 3 laboratory competence. Paper 5 planning and analysis, full timed cumulative assessment and human subject-teacher review remain outstanding.

Choose your paper route

  • AS Level onlyPapers 1, 2 and 3 in one exam series

    Covers AS subject content, Topics 1–11, and practical assessment. All eleven AS topics now have mapped teaching and practice sequences; full timed assessment and supervised practical competence remain outstanding.

  • A Level staged over two yearsYear 1: AS Papers 1, 2 and 3 · Year 2: Papers 4 and 5

    The second year completes the A Level route after the AS stage. Cambridge carry-forward rules apply to the AS result.

  • A Level in one exam seriesPapers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

    All components are taken in one exam series. The full A Level uses AS and A Level content plus practical assessment.

View syllabus coverage

Topic 1, Physical quantities and units, is mapped across sections 1.1–1.4: all 12 published outcomes have original teaching and guided, independent and application practice with explained answers. Topic 2, Kinematics, maps all nine outcomes in section 2.1 to six lessons covering motion quantities, graph gradients and areas, derivations, free fall and perpendicular motion. Topic 3, Dynamics, maps all 13 outcomes in sections 3.1–3.3 across six lessons on Newton’s laws, momentum and force, weight, drag, terminal velocity, and momentum conservation in one and two dimensions. Topic 4, Forces, density and pressure, maps all 13 outcomes in sections 4.1–4.3 across seven lessons on turning effects, couples, equilibrium, force triangles, density, pressure, fluids and upthrust. Topic 5, Work, energy and power, maps all 11 outcomes in sections 5.1–5.2 across five lessons on work, energy conservation, efficiency, power, and derivations and use of gravitational and kinetic energy equations. Topic 6, Deformation of solids, maps all 10 outcomes in sections 6.1–6.2 across six lessons on tensile and compressive deformation, Hooke’s law, spring constant, stress and strain, Young modulus, wire measurements and elastic energy. Topic 7, Waves, maps all 16 outcomes in sections 7.1–7.5 across seven lessons on progressive waves, CRO measurement, transverse and longitudinal waves, Doppler shift, the electromagnetic spectrum and polarisation. Topic 8, Superposition, maps all 12 outcomes in sections 8.1–8.4 across six lessons on stationary waves, diffraction, interference, double-slit spacing and diffraction gratings. Topic 9, Electricity, maps all 15 outcomes in sections 9.1–9.3 across eight lessons on charge flow, carrier density, potential difference, electrical power, resistance, I–V characteristics, resistivity and sensor trends. Topic 10, D.C. circuits, maps all 16 outcomes in sections 10.1–10.3 across ten lessons on symbols, e.m.f., internal resistance, Kirchhoff’s laws, resistor networks, potential dividers and null methods. Topic 11, Particle physics, maps all 18 outcomes in sections 11.1–11.2 across eight lessons on nuclear structure, nuclide notation, decay, radiation, quarks, hadrons and leptons. This completes the 11 numbered AS subject-content topics. Topic 12, Motion in a circle, maps all seven outcomes in sections 12.1–12.2 across five lessons on radians, angular and tangential speed, inward acceleration and centripetal force. Topic 13, Gravitational fields, maps all 12 outcomes in sections 13.1–13.4 across six lessons on field strength and field lines, Newton's law, circular and geostationary orbits, point-mass field strength, gravitational potential and potential energy. Topic 14, Temperature, maps all eight outcomes in sections 14.1–14.3 across four lessons on thermal equilibrium, temperature sensors, thermodynamic and Celsius scales, specific heat capacity and latent heat. Topic 15, Ideal gases, maps all nine outcomes in sections 15.1–15.3 across five lessons on amount and moles, the ideal-gas equation, molecular assumptions and pressure, rms speed and average translational kinetic energy. Topic 16, Thermodynamics, maps all four outcomes in sections 16.1–16.2 across four lessons on molecular internal energy, temperature change, constant-pressure work and the first law. Topic 17, Oscillations, maps all ten outcomes in sections 17.1–17.3 across six lessons on SHM definitions and equations, velocity and graphs, energy, damping and resonance. Topic 18, Electric fields, maps all 12 outcomes in sections 18.1–18.5 across six lessons on field lines, uniform fields, Coulomb force, point-charge fields, potential gradients, point potential and potential energy. Topic 19, Capacitance, maps all nine outcomes in sections 19.1–19.3 across six lessons on capacitance, series and parallel combinations, stored energy, discharge graphs, time constants and exponential decay. Topic 20, Magnetic fields, maps all 19 outcomes in sections 20.1–20.5 across ten lessons on field patterns, forces on wires and charges, Hall effect, particle motion, velocity selection, currents, flux and induction. Topic 21, Alternating currents, maps all eight outcomes in sections 21.1–21.2 across seven lessons on waveform measures, sinusoidal equations, resistive mean power, r.m.s. values, half- and full-wave rectification, and capacitor smoothing. Topic 22, Quantum physics, maps all 17 outcomes in sections 22.1–22.4 across eight lessons on photons and momentum, the photoelectric effect, wave-particle duality, de Broglie wavelengths, atomic energy levels and line spectra. Topic 23, Nuclear physics, maps all 13 outcomes in sections 23.1–23.2 across seven lessons on mass–energy equivalence, nuclear equations, mass defect, binding energy, fission, fusion and radioactive decay. Topic 24, Medical physics, maps all 16 outcomes in sections 24.1–24.3 across eight lessons on ultrasound, X-rays, CT and PET. The Topic 24 outcome list was checked against Cambridge’s 2028–2030 syllabus. Topic 25, Astronomy and cosmology, maps all 11 outcomes in sections 25.1–25.3 across five lessons on standard candles, stellar radii, redshift, Hubble’s law and the Big Bang. The Topic 25 outcome list was checked against Cambridge’s 2028–2030 syllabus; Topics 1–22 still need full syllabus-year reconciliation. All 25 numbered content topics now have mapped teaching and practice. The Topic 23 outcome list was checked against the 2028–2030 syllabus; other syllabus-year reconciliation remains outstanding. Cambridge’s 2028–2030 syllabus says there are no significant changes affecting teaching; Topics 1–22 still need outcome-by-outcome verification. Assessment routes are shown below. Online teaching does not demonstrate supervised laboratory competence for Paper 3; Paper 5 investigation skills, full timed cumulative practice and human subject-teacher review remain outstanding.

AS · Foundations

AS · Mechanics

AS · Matter and materials

AS · Waves

AS · Electricity

AS · Modern physics

A Level · Mechanics

A Level · Fields

A Level · Thermal physics

A Level · Oscillations

A Level · Electricity and fields

A Level · Electricity

A Level · Modern physics

A Level · Applications

A Level · Astrophysics

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  1. 01

    Describe a physical quantity and estimate its size

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  2. 02

    Build SI units and convert prefixes

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  3. 03

    Check a physics equation with base units

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  4. 04

    Distinguish accuracy, precision and measurement errors

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  5. 05

    Combine uncertainties in a calculated result

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  6. 06

    Identify and resolve vectors

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  7. 07

    Describe motion with distance, displacement, speed and velocity

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  8. 08

    Read gradients and areas on motion graphs

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  9. 09

    Derive the constant-acceleration equations

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  10. 10

    Solve constant-acceleration and free-fall problems

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  11. 11

    Describe an experiment to measure free-fall acceleration

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  12. 12

    Model horizontal motion with vertical acceleration

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  13. 13

    Use mass, resultant force and Newton’s laws

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  14. 14

    Calculate weight in a gravitational field

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  15. 15

    Calculate momentum and force from momentum change

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  16. 16

    Explain drag and terminal velocity

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  17. 17

    Conserve momentum in one-dimensional interactions

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  18. 18

    Conserve momentum in two dimensions

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  19. 19

    Locate centre of gravity and calculate moments

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  20. 20

    Describe couples and calculate their torque

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  21. 21

    Apply the principle of moments to equilibrium

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  22. 22

    Represent equilibrium with a force triangle

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  23. 23

    Calculate density and pressure

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  24. 24

    Derive and use hydrostatic pressure

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  25. 25

    Explain and calculate upthrust

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  26. 26

    Calculate work done and energy transfer

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  27. 27

    Apply energy conservation and efficiency

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  28. 28

    Calculate power and derive P = Fv

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  29. 29

    Derive and use gravitational potential energy

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  30. 30

    Derive kinetic energy from motion equations

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  31. 31

    Describe tensile and compressive deformation

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  32. 32

    Apply Hooke’s law and spring constant

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  33. 33

    Calculate stress, strain and Young modulus

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  34. 34

    Plan a wire experiment for Young modulus

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  35. 35

    Distinguish elastic and plastic deformation

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  36. 36

    Find elastic energy from a force-extension graph

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  37. 37

    Describe progressive waves and wave quantities

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  38. 38

    Use the wave equation and intensity relationships

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  39. 39

    Measure frequency and amplitude on a CRO

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  40. 40

    Compare transverse and longitudinal waves

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  41. 41

    Explain the Doppler effect for a moving source

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  42. 42

    Order the electromagnetic spectrum

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  43. 43

    Apply polarisation and Malus’s law

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  44. 44

    Explain superposition and stationary-wave formation

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  45. 45

    Investigate stationary waves and determine wavelength

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  46. 46

    Explain diffraction and gap-width effects

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  47. 47

    Explain interference, coherence and fringe conditions

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  48. 48

    Use Young’s double-slit equation

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  49. 49

    Use diffraction gratings to determine wavelength

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  50. 50

    Relate current to charge flow

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  51. 51

    Use the carrier-density current model

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  52. 52

    Define potential difference and calculate transferred energy

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  53. 53

    Calculate electrical power and heating

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  54. 54

    Define resistance and apply Ohm’s law

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  55. 55

    Interpret I–V characteristics of conductors and diodes

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  56. 56

    Calculate resistivity from conductor dimensions

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  57. 57

    Explain light-dependent resistors and thermistors

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  58. 58

    Draw and interpret practical circuit diagrams

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  59. 59

    Distinguish electromotive force from potential difference

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  60. 60

    Calculate terminal potential difference with internal resistance

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  61. 61

    Apply Kirchhoff’s laws to junctions and loops

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  62. 62

    Derive and use combined resistance in series

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  63. 63

    Derive and use combined resistance in parallel

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  64. 64

    Solve simple resistor networks with Kirchhoff’s laws

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  65. 65

    Apply the potential-divider principle

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  66. 66

    Compare potential differences with a potentiometer null method

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  67. 67

    Use thermistors and LDRs in potential dividers

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  68. 68

    Infer the nuclear atom from alpha scattering

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  69. 69

    Use proton number, nucleon number and nuclide notation

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  70. 70

    Conserve nucleon number and charge in nuclear equations

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  71. 71

    Compare alpha, beta and gamma radiation

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  72. 72

    Explain beta-decay neutrinos and particle energies

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  73. 73

    Describe quark flavours and charges

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  74. 74

    Classify hadrons and use proton and neutron quark models

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  75. 75

    Describe quark changes in beta decay and identify leptons

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  76. 76

    Measure angular displacement in radians

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  77. 77

    Use angular speed, period and tangential speed

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  78. 78

    Explain the direction of centripetal acceleration

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  79. 79

    Calculate centripetal acceleration

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  80. 80

    Calculate centripetal force

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  81. 81

    Define gravitational fields and read field lines

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  82. 82

    Use Newton's law of gravitation

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  83. 83

    Analyse circular and geostationary orbits

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  84. 84

    Calculate gravitational field strength around a point mass

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  85. 85

    Define gravitational potential and calculate its value

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  86. 86

    Use gravitational potential energy for point masses

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  87. 87

    Describe thermal equilibrium and temperature sensors

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  88. 88

    Use thermodynamic and Celsius temperature scales

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  89. 89

    Define and use specific heat capacity

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  90. 90

    Define and use specific latent heat

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  91. 91

    Count gas particles with the mole

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  92. 92

    Use the ideal-gas equation of state

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  93. 93

    Model gas molecules and explain pressure

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  94. 94

    Use mean-square and root-mean-square speed

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  95. 95

    Relate molecular kinetic energy to temperature

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  96. 96

    Describe molecular internal energy

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  97. 97

    Relate temperature rise to internal energy

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  98. 98

    Calculate constant-pressure work in a gas

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  99. 99

    Apply the first law of thermodynamics

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  100. 100

    Describe the quantities of simple harmonic motion

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  101. 101

    Recognise simple harmonic motion

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  102. 102

    Relate velocity and displacement in SHM

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  103. 103

    Track energy in simple harmonic motion

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  104. 104

    Compare damping in oscillating systems

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  105. 105

    Explain forced oscillations and resonance

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  106. 106

    Define electric fields and read field lines

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  107. 107

    Calculate uniform electric fields

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  108. 108

    Use Coulomb's law for point charges

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  109. 109

    Calculate the field of a point charge

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  110. 110

    Relate electric potential to field strength

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  111. 111

    Calculate point-charge potential and energy

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  112. 112

    Define capacitance and use C = Q/V

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  113. 113

    Combine capacitors in series and parallel

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  114. 114

    Calculate energy stored in a capacitor

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  115. 115

    Interpret capacitor discharge graphs

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  116. 116

    Calculate the capacitor time constant

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  117. 117

    Use the capacitor discharge equation

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  118. 118

    Describe magnetic fields and field lines

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  119. 119

    Calculate force on a current-carrying wire

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  120. 120

    Use magnetic force on a moving charge

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  121. 121

    Explain the Hall effect and measure magnetic flux density

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  122. 122

    Describe charged-particle motion in a magnetic field

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  123. 123

    Explain velocity selection with electric and magnetic fields

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  124. 124

    Sketch magnetic fields from electric currents

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  125. 125

    Calculate magnetic flux and flux linkage

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  126. 126

    Investigate electromagnetic induction

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  127. 127

    Apply Faraday's and Lenz's laws

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  128. 128

    Describe period, frequency and peak value

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  129. 129

    Represent an alternating current with a sinusoidal equation

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  130. 130

    Relate mean and maximum power in an AC resistor

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  131. 131

    Calculate rms and peak alternating values

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  132. 132

    Explain half-wave rectification with a diode

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  133. 133

    Explain full-wave bridge rectification

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  134. 134

    Analyse capacitor smoothing in a rectifier

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  135. 135

    Describe photons and calculate photon energy

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  136. 136

    Use electronvolts and calculate photon momentum

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  137. 137

    Explain work function and threshold frequency

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  138. 138

    Calculate photoelectric maximum kinetic energy

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  139. 139

    Compare intensity and frequency in the photoelectric effect

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  140. 140

    Explain wave-particle evidence and use de Broglie wavelength

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  141. 141

    Explain discrete atomic energy levels and line spectra

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  142. 142

    Calculate photon frequency from atomic energy levels

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  143. 143

    Use mass–energy equivalence and balance nuclear equations

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  144. 144

    Define mass defect and nuclear binding energy

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  145. 145

    Sketch and interpret binding energy per nucleon

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  146. 146

    Explain fission, fusion and nuclear energy release

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  147. 147

    Describe radioactive decay and relate activity to nuclei

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  148. 148

    Define half-life and calculate the decay constant

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  149. 149

    Sketch and use exponential radioactive decay

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  150. 150

    Explain piezoelectric crystals and ultrasound transducers

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  151. 151

    Use ultrasound echoes to locate internal boundaries

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  152. 152

    Calculate acoustic impedance and ultrasound reflection

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  153. 153

    Model ultrasound attenuation in tissue

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  154. 154

    Explain X-ray production and calculate the minimum wavelength

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  155. 155

    Explain X-ray contrast, attenuation and CT imaging

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  156. 156

    Trace PET tracers and positron–electron annihilation

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  157. 157

    Calculate PET photon energy and explain coincidence detection

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  158. 158

    Use standard candles to estimate galaxy distances

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  159. 159

    Estimate a star’s surface temperature with Wien’s law

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  160. 160

    Estimate stellar radii with the Stefan–Boltzmann law

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  161. 161

    Measure redshift from stellar spectral lines

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  162. 162

    Use Hubble’s law to connect expansion with the Big Bang

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  163. 163

    Acceleration and kinematics

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  164. 164

    Superposition and interference

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  165. 165

    Electrical power and energy

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AS & A Level Physics 9702 · Starter Paper

3 questions · 45 min · Timed practice

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